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Nguyen, Thach

The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) and natural language processing (NLP) technologies has paved the way for innovative tools, such as ChatGPT, to enhance various aspects of academic research. This comprehensive guide aims to explore the practical applications and potential benefits of utilizing ChatGPT in the process of crafting a research paper, including various stages of the research paper creation process. Through a thorough examination of existing literature, real-world examples, expert consultations, and hands-on assessments, the guide will offer insights into the capabilities of ChatGPT, as well as provide practical guidance on incorporating the AI tool into the research process. Additionally, ethical considerations related to the use of AI-assisted research will be addressed to ensure the responsible and balanced adoption of this technology. By providing a systematic and in-depth exploration of ChatGPT’s potential in facilitating research paper creation, this guide aims to empower researchers with valuable insights and practical tips for harnessing the power of AI in their academic work.

In the study of coronary artery disease (CAD), the mechanism of plaque formation and development was still the subject of continuing debate. The limitation of the current coronary angiogram (CAG) is that it can only show the static image of a narrowing on the arterial channel without identifying the mechanism of the disease or predicting its progression or regression. Therefore, the current recording of CAGs is reprogrammed by the present team of investigators. The new technique focuses on the identification of blood flow patterns and analysis of their normal or abnormal dynamics by adapting the same methodologies used by hydraulics engineers when moving fluid or gas through domestic or industrial pipes or pumps. This new technique of recording and interpretation of coronary angiography helps to identify different flow patterns in arteries and the application of the fluid dynamics principles to the coronary system. This new technique ushers in a new era of crucial insights and applications regarding the diagnosis, medical, surgical, and interventional management of atherosclerotic diseases.

Background: Semaglutide, a well-known medication used in treating type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, has gained attention for its beneficial effects on weight loss, leading to its investigation for use in obesity management. The US Food and Drug Administration recently approved a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist for chronic weight management. Semaglutide is the only drug among GLP-1RAs available in injectable and oral forms for treating diabetes. However, its approval for obesity treatment is limited to subcutaneous injection. Methods: This study aims to conduct a meta-analysis comparing the efficacy and safety of oral and injectable forms of Semaglutide in overweight patients. PubMed, Medline, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, Embase, Google Scholar, and CINAHL databases were systematically searched. Comprehensive Meta-Analysis version 3 was utilized for statistical analysis. Results: A total of 20 eligible articles published between 2015 and 2023 were included, comprising 7,852 participants (4,525 in the Semaglutide group and 3,327 in the placebo group). Seventeen studies utilized subcutaneous Semaglutide, while five studies evaluated the oral form. Analysis was conducted on the overall efficacy of Semaglutide, with subsequent sub-analysis comparing oral versus injectable forms, high-dose versus low-dose, diabetic versus non-diabetic patients, and the general population versus specific comorbidities. Additionally, side effects of oral versus injectable forms were assessed. Conclusion: Overall, our findings contribute to the understanding of Semaglutide’s effectiveness and safety pro-file in managing obesity, providing insights into potential differences between oral and injectable formulations.

Heart Failure (HF) is on the end stage of the disease spectrum with many confounders and thus no specific symptoms and signs. There is a need for a test that can effectively confirm the diagnosis of volume overload in HF at its earliest to guide the initial approach and subsequent management. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a new test noted as the Size and Expansion of Femoral Vein (SEFV) in the diagnosis and management of patients with HF. This test was used specifically on asymptomatic patients or those who presented with severe comorbidities. The patients who arrived at the emergency room with a diagnosis of HF or suspected HF were enrolled. Ten patients without HF formed the control group. All patients received a standard physical examination (PE). The patients with the obvious diagnosis of HF by PE formed the HF control group. All patients with tentative diagnoses formed the HF study group. All patients underwent the ultrasound test to measure the size of the common femoral vein (CFV) and artery (CFA). The study enlisted 167 patients with HF or suspected HF. The results showed that the SEFV test was more accurate (98%) than the PE (54%). The SEFV test accurately differentiated between severely sick patients with intravascular overload and moderately sick patients with extravascular overflow. The test was accurate in patients with severe comorbidities (93%) or hypotension (100%). The SEFV test was more accurate in confirming the presence of fluid overload in patients with severe comorbidities or hypotension.

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is one of the most common and severe medical conditions worldwide. The current research focused on investigating the mechanisms and prevention of the detrimental effects of CAD. Recently, the principles and practices of fluid mechanics were used to explain the formation of CAD with the help of a new angiographic recording and reviewing technique. This new method focused on identifying the types of blood flows and their effects on the intima. To automate the process, an Artificial Intelligence program was utilized to support the investigators in reviewing coronary flow. This paper analyzes AI methods that assisted physician investigators in the measurement of the arterial phase and in the identification of the types of coronary flows.

Hepatitis D virus (HDV) infection, also known as delta virus, has been identified as a crucial risk factor contributing to severe complications among hepatitis B patients. Such complications arise as HDV accelerates the progression towards cirrhosis, exacerbates the risk of decompensated cirrhosis, and increases mortality rates compared to non-HDV hepatitis B infections. Despite its clinical significance, data on HDV infection remains scarce, and exhibits marked regional disparities in Viet Nam. This study endeavors to explore HDV co-infection in adult hepatitis B patients. A descriptive cross-sectional investigation was conducted, involving 539 hepatitis B subjects attending the Outpatient Clinic of the Pasteur Institute in Ho Chi Minh City between October 2021 and May 5, 2022. The study sample featured three hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients, 148 patients with elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels, and nine patients whose ALT levels exceeded five times the upper limit of normal (ULN). Additionally, 11 patients reported a history of blood transfusion, while no participants had any history of intravenous drug use. Remarkably, the study did not document any instances of HDV co-infection among the subjects. These findings suggest that HDV screening may not be a routine recommendation for patients diagnosed with moderate or mild hepatitis B, particularly when presenting with low-risk factors. Further research is warranted to better understand the prevalence of HDV co-infection in this population and to guide the development of evidence-based screening guidelines.

Purpose: Thyroiditis refers to a set of inflammatory disorders involving the destruction of normal thyroid follicular tissue. Each disorder has distinctive histology and pathology. Understanding each condition in the thyroiditis frame is crucial for physicians. Main: This review categorizes thyroiditis into two groups based on the presence or absence of tenderness: painful and painless. This paper reviews the primary etiologies, diagnostic modalities, and treatment options for each condition. The painful thyroiditis comprises subacute, infectious, radiation, trauma-induced thyroiditis, and rarely Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. The painless group consists of subacute lymphocytic thyroiditis, postpartum thyroiditis, drug-induced thyroiditis, and fibrous thyroiditis. Findings: In the painful group, the primary etiology of subacute thyroiditis is viral, including SARS-CoV-2, which has been reported recently, and the main etiology of the infectious subgroup is bacterial infections. Symptom management and pain relief are the mainstays of treatment for painful conditions. The painless group typically progresses from transient hyperthyroidism to euthyroidism to hypothyroidism before resolving. Autoimmune and genetics, HLA-DR3, likely contribute to subacute lymphocytic thyroiditis. Certain medica-tions, including interferon-alpha (HVC management), IL2 Tyrosine-kinase inhibitors (cancer management), amiodarone, lithium, and check-point inhibitor immunotherapy (CTLA-4 and PCD-1) are found to be related to thyroiditis. Fibrous thyroiditis is usually associated with systemic fibrous disease. Conclusion: A comprehensive understanding of each thyroiditis condition’s etiology and clinical presentation is important to accurately diagnose, appropriately manage, and counsel patients on the risk for permanent hypothyroidism that may require long-term thyroid replacement therapy.

Background: Many patients with stable angina (SA) having moderate 50% lesions could deteriorate or stay stable for a long time. No present techniques nor test could accurately predict the progression to acute coronary syndrome (ACS) or stabilization of these moderate lesions. Based on the fluid dynamic methodology research, could turbulent flow further damage the plaque and rupture its cap? In contrast, could laminar flow delay the progression of the plaque and keep patients stable for a long period of time? Methods: Patients with stable angina (SA) were admitted to the intermediate care unit and underwent coronary angiography. Patients were selected if they had a single 50% coronary lesion. The baseline angiographic factors included the flow characteristics: laminar or turbulent, anterograde or retrograde direction, and duration of the turbulent flow across the lesion. The patients were followed up for 2 years. The main clinical endpoints included (A) the development of acute coronary syndrome (ACS), (B) the need for percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI), or (C) persistent stable angina without new clinical or interventional events. Results: 20 patients with moderate lesions were enrolled and followed up for 2 years. The majority of the lesions (18/20= 90%) were located at the mid-segment of the right coronary artery (RCA) or left anterior descending artery. There were six patients with turbulent flow seen at the lesion. 83% of these patients (5/6) developed ACS regardless of the blood pressure or low-density-lipoprotein (LDL) level. If the patients had laminar flow, with well-controlled HTN (SBP< 130mmHg) and LDL cholesterol (<75mg%), these patients had NO clinical ACS and event (= 93% 13/14 patients). Conclusions: The preliminary results of a pilot study with only 20 patients showed that patients with turbulent flow at the location of a moderate lesion progressed to ACS and PCI. The patients with laminar flow across the lesion remained stable without the need for PCI. Larger randomized studies are needed to confirm the above findings.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) or light treatment is a procedure to treat certain types of diseases that uses a photosensitizer (PS) which upon light activation produces cytotoxic oxygen species destroying tumor cells. PDT is minimally-invasive and can be repeated a few times without accumulating significant toxicity in the surrounding tissues. While PDT application in cancer treatment is well established and widely recognized by the scientific community, and its use in the fight against microbial infection is gaining momentum with the rapid increase in antimicrobial multi-drug resistance, its use in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases is clearly marginal. This mini-review presents a brief historical background of PDT, photo-activatable agents utilized, mechanism of photodynamic action, studies in vitro and in vivo, clinical trials, limitations and future prospects of its application in various types of cancer, infections caused by pathogens such as COVID-19, and heart diseases.

This research article investigates the efficacy of ChatGPT, an AI-based language model developed by OpenAI, as a manuscript editing tool. The study’s design and methodology used to evaluate ChatGPT’s usefulness in editing are described, and a detailed analysis of the study results is presented, highlighting ChatGPT’s strengths and weaknesses in manuscript editing. The literature review establishes the importance of manuscript editing and the challenges associated with traditional editing methods while also discussing the advantages of AI-based editing tools. While previous studies have shown the potential benefits of AI technology in manuscript editing, further research is needed to investigate more complex issues and cultural nuances. This research article adds to the growing literature on the use of AI in manuscript editing, providing valuable insights into ChatGPT’s benefits and limitations as an editing tool for authors. By improving the quality of the work, providing constructive feedback, and streamlining the editing process, ChatGPT can aid authors in producing high-quality work more efficiently.