Person: Bertagnolli, Monica
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Bertagnolli
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Monica
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Bertagnolli, Monica
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Publication Germline variants and advanced colorectal adenomas: Adenoma Prevention with Celecoxib trial genome-wide association study(American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), 2013) Wang, Jiping; Carvajal-Carmona, Luis G.; Chu, Jen-Hwa; Zauber, Ann G.; KUBO, Michikai; Matsuda, Koichi; Dunlop, Malcolm; Houlston, Richard S.; Sieber, Oliver; Lipton, Lara; Gibbs, Peter; Martin, Nicholas G.; Montgomery, George Glennon; Young, Joanne; Baird, Paul N.; Ratain, Mark J.; Nakamura, Yusuke; Weiss, Scott; Tomlinson, Ian; Bertagnolli, MonicaPurpose: Identification of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with development of advanced colorectal adenomas. Experimental Design: Discovery Phase: 1,406 Caucasian patients (139 advanced adenoma cases and 1,267 controls) from the Adenoma Prevention with Celecoxib (APC) trial were included in a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify variants associated with post-polypectomy disease recurrence. Genome-wide significance was defined as false discovery rate < 0.05, unadjusted p=7.4×10−7. Validation Phase: Results were further evaluated using 4,175 familial colorectal adenoma or CRC cases and 5,036 controls from patients of European ancestry (COloRectal Gene Identification consortium, Scotland, Australia and VQ58). Results: Our study identified eight SNPs associated with advanced adenoma risk in the APC trial (rs2837156, rs7278863, rs2837237, rs2837241, rs2837254, rs741864 at 21q22.2, and rs1381392 and rs17651822 at 3p24.1, at p<10–7 level with odds ratio – OR>2). Five variants in strong pairwise linkage disequilbrium (rs7278863, rs2837237, rs741864, rs741864 and rs2837241, r2=0.8–1) are in or near the coding region for the tight junction adhesion protein, IGSF5. An additional variant associated with advanced adenomas, rs1535989 (minor allele frequency 0.11; OR 2.09; 95% confidence interval 1.50–2.91), also predicted CRC development in a validation analysis (p=0.019) using a series of adenoma cases or CRC (CORGI study) and 3 sets of CRC cases and controls (Scotland, VQ58 and Australia, N=9,211). Conclusions: Our results suggest that common polymorphisms contribute to the risk of developing advanced adenomas and might also contribute to the risk of developing CRC. The variant at rs1535989 may identify patients whose risk for neoplasia warrants increased colonoscopic surveillance.Publication Celecoxib inhibits early cutaneous wound healing(Elsevier BV, 2015) Fairweather, Mark; Heit, Yvonne I.; Buie, Justin; Rosenberg, Laura Michele; Briggs, Alexandra; Orgill, Dennis; Bertagnolli, MonicaBACKGROUND: Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is an inducible enzyme that is rapidly upregulated in response to injury, resulting in the production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), a primary mediator of inflammation and wound healing. The selective COX-2 inhibitor, celecoxib, is was used to treat pain and inflammation. When used to treat injuries, we postulated that loss of PGE2 activity by COX-2 inhibition would have detrimental effects on wound healing. Our objective was to study the effect of selective COX-2 inhibition with celecoxib on cutaneous wound healing. MATERIALS AND METHODS: C57BL/6J mice with uniform full-thickness wounds (1 cm(2)) to their dorsum were fed diet with or without celecoxib (1500 ppm). Wound closure analysis measured wound contraction, reepithelialization, and open wound as a percentage of the initial wound area, and was quantified by planimetry. Wounds were excised en bloc at day 7 to examine cellular proliferation, angiogenesis, cytokine production, and extracellular matrix (ECM) formation. RESULTS: Celecoxib-induced reduction in wound PGE2 levels was documented by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay on day 7 after wounding. Wound contraction and reepithelialization were significantly reduced by celecoxib treatment, resulting in a 20% greater open wound area at day 7 (P < 0.05). In response to celecoxib treatment, immunohistochemistry analysis showed epithelial cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and ECM components including collagen and myofibroblasts were significantly decreased. CONCLUSIONS: Wound healing is significantly delayed by celecoxib treatment. These data indicate that COX-2 and its downstream product PGE2 modulate the activity of multiple essential functions of the inflammatory stroma, including epithelial proliferation, angiogenesis, and ECM production. As a result, reepithelialization and wound closure are delayed by celecoxib treatment. These findings have potential clinical implications in postoperative wound management.Publication Insulin Resistance in Vascular Endothelial Cells Promotes Intestinal Tumor Formation(2017) Wang, Xuanchun; Häring, Max-Felix; Rathjen, Thomas; Lockhart, Samuel M.; Sørensen, Ditte; Ussar, Siegfried; Rasmussen, Lars Melholt; Bertagnolli, Monica; Kahn, C.; Rask-Madsen, ChristianThe risk of several cancers, including colorectal cancer, is increased in patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes, conditions characterized by hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance. Because hyperinsulinemia itself is an independent risk factor for cancer development, we examined tissue-specific insulin action in intestinal tumor formation. In vitro, insulin increased proliferation of primary cultures of intestinal tumor epithelial cells from ApcMin/+ mice by over 2-fold. Surprisingly, targeted deletion of insulin receptors in intestinal epithelial cells in ApcMin/+ mice did not change intestinal tumor number or size distribution on either a low or high-fat diet. We therefore asked whether cells in the tumor stroma might explain the association between tumor formation and insulin resistance. To this end, we generated ApcMin/+ mice with loss of insulin receptors in vascular endothelial cells. Strikingly, these mice had 42% more intestinal tumors than controls, no change in tumor angiogenesis, but increased expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) in primary culture of tumor endothelial cells. Insulin decreased VCAM-1 expression and leukocyte adhesion in quiescent tumor endothelial cells with intact insulin receptors and partly prevented increases in VCAM-1 and leukocyte adhesion after treatment with tumor necrosis factor-α. Knockout of insulin receptors in endothelial cells also increased leukocyte adhesion in mesenteric venules and increased the frequency of neutrophils in tumors. We conclude that although insulin is mitogenic for intestinal tumor cells in vitro, its action on tumor cells in vivo is via signals from the tumor microenvironment. Insulin resistance in tumor endothelial cells produces an activated, proinflammatory state that promotes tumorigenesis. Improvement of endothelial dysfunction may reduce colorectal cancer risk in patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes.