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Hatabu, Hiroto

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Hatabu

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Hiroto

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Hatabu, Hiroto
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    A comparison of visual and quantitative methods to identify interstitial lung abnormalities
    (BioMed Central, 2015) Kliment, Corrine R.; Araki, Tetsuro; Doyle, Tracy; Gao, Wei; Dupuis, Josée; Latourelle, Jeanne C.; Zazueta, Oscar E.; Fernandez, Isis E.; Nishino, Mizuki; Okajima, Yuka; Ross, James; Estépar, Raúl San José; Diaz, Alejandro A.; Lederer, David J.; Schwartz, David A.; Silverman, Edwin; Rosas, Ivan; Washko, George; O’Connor, George T.; Hatabu, Hiroto; Hunninghake, Gary
    Background: Evidence suggests that individuals with interstitial lung abnormalities (ILA) on a chest computed tomogram (CT) may have an increased risk to develop a clinically significant interstitial lung disease (ILD). Although methods used to identify individuals with ILA on chest CT have included both automated quantitative and qualitative visual inspection methods, there has been not direct comparison between these two methods. To investigate this relationship, we created lung density metrics and compared these to visual assessments of ILA. Methods: To provide a comparison between ILA detection methods based on visual assessment we generated measures of high attenuation areas (HAAs, defined by attenuation values between −600 and −250 Hounsfield Units) in >4500 participants from both the COPDGene and Framingham Heart studies (FHS). Linear and logistic regressions were used for analyses. Results: Increased measures of HAAs (in ≥10 % of the lung) were significantly associated with ILA defined by visual inspection in both cohorts (P < 0.0001); however, the positive predictive values were not very high (19 % in COPDGene and 13 % in the FHS). In COPDGene, the association between HAAs and ILA defined by visual assessment were modified by the percentage of emphysema and body mass index. Although increased HAAs were associated with reductions in total lung capacity in both cohorts, there was no evidence for an association between measurement of HAAs and MUC5B promoter genotype in the FHS. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate that increased measures of lung density may be helpful in determining the severity of lung volume reduction, but alone, are not strongly predictive of ILA defined by visual assessment. Moreover, HAAs were not associated with MUC5B promoter genotype.
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    Tumoral cavitation in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer treated with antiangiogenic therapy using bevacizumab
    (E-MED LTD, 2012) Nishinoa, Mizuki; Cryer, Sarah K.; Okajim, Yuka; Sholl, Lynette; Hatabu, Hiroto; Rabin, Michael; Jackman, David M; Johnson, Bruce
    Rationale and objectives: To investigate the frequency and radiographic patterns of tumoral cavitation in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with bevacizumab, and correlate the imaging findings with the pathology, clinical characteristics and outcome. Materials and methods: Seventy-two patients with NSCLC treated with bevacizumab therapy were identified retrospectively. Baseline and follow-up chest computed tomography scan were reviewed to identify tumoral cavitation and subsequent filling in of cavitation. Radiographic cavitation patterns were classified into 3 groups. The clinical and outcome data were correlated with cavity formation and patterns. Results: Out of 72 patients, 14 patients developed cavitation after the initiation of bevacizumab therapy (19%; median time to event, 1.5 months; range 1.0–24.8 months). Three radiographic patterns of tumoral cavitation were noted: (1) development of cavity within the dominant lung tumor (n = 8); (2) development of non-dominant cavitary nodules (n = 3); and (3) development of non-dominant cavitary nodules with adjacent interstitial abnormalities (n = 3). Eleven patients (79%) demonstrated subsequent filling in of cavitation (the time from the cavity formation to filling in; median 3.7 months; range 1.9–22.7 months). No significant difference was observed in the clinical characteristics, including smoking history, or in the survival between patients who developed cavitation and those who did not. Smoking history demonstrated a significant difference across 3 radiographic cavitation patterns (P = 0.006). Hemoptysis was noted in 1 patient with cavity formation and 4 patients without, with no significant difference between the 2 groups. Conclusion: Tumoral cavitation occurred in 19% in patients with NSCLC treated with bevacizumab and demonstrated 3 radiographic patterns. Subsequent filling in of cavitation was noted in the majority of cases.
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    Intrathymic cyst: Clinical and radiological features in surgically resected cases
    (Elsevier BV, 2014) Araki, Tetsuro; Sholl, Lynette; Gerbaudo, Victor; Hatabu, Hiroto; Nishino, Michiya
    AIM To investigate radiological and clinical characteristics of pathologically proven cases of intrathymic cysts. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study population consisted of 18 patients (five males, 13 females; median age 56 years) with pathologically confirmed intrathymic cysts who underwent thymectomy and had preoperative chest computed tomography (CT) available for review. The patient demographics, clinical presentation, and preoperative radiological diagnoses were reviewed. CT images were evaluated for shape, contour, location of the cysts and the presence of adjacent thymic tissue, mass effect, calcifications, and septa. The size and CT attenuations of the cysts were measured. RESULTS The most common CT features of intrathymic cysts included oval shape (9/18; 50%), smooth contour (12/18; 67%), midline location (11/18; 61%), the absence of visible adjacent thymic tissue (12/18; 67%), and the absence of calcification (16/18; 89%). The mean longest diameter and the longest perpendicular diameter were 25 mm (range 17–49 mm) and 19 mm (range 10–44 mm), respectively. The mean CT attenuation was 38 HU (range 6–62 HU) on contrast-enhanced CT, and was 45 HU (range 26–64 HU) on unenhanced CT (p=0.41). The CT attenuation was >20 HU in 15 of 18 patients (83%). Preoperative radiological diagnosis included thymoma in 11 patients. CONCLUSION In surgically removed, pathologically proven cases of intrathymic cyst, the CT attenuation was >20 HU in most cases, leading to the preoperative diagnosis of thymoma. Awareness of the spectrum of imaging findings of the entity is essential to improve the diagnostic accuracy and patient management.
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    Anti–PD-1–Related Pneumonitis during Cancer Immunotherapy
    (New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM/MMS), 2015) Nishino, Mizuki; Sholl, Lynette; Hatabu, Hiroto; Ramaiya, Nikhil H.; Hodi, Frank
    The use of antibodies against programmed cell death 1 (PD-1), which block inhibitory T-cell checkpoints, is a promising new therapy for advanced cancers.1 Recent trials have shown substantial clinical activity of anti–PD-1 antibodies in advanced cancers and led to the approvals of these agents, including pembrolizumab for melanoma and nivolumab for melanoma and squamous-cell lung cancer.2-4 Pneumonitis related to the use of antibodies against PD-1 is an immune-mediated toxic effect that resulted in three drug-related deaths in a phase 1 trial.1 Clinical identification and management of pneumonitis are contingent on radiographic assessment. We report three cases of pneumonitis associated with the use of anti–PD-1 antibodies in patients with melanoma.