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Loda, Massimo

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Loda

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Loda, Massimo
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Now showing 1 - 10 of 29
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    Stromal and epithelial transcriptional map of initiation progression and metastatic potential of human prostate cancer
    (Nature Publishing Group UK, 2017) Tyekucheva, Svitlana; Bowden, Michaela; Bango, Clyde; Giunchi, Francesca; Huang, Ying; Zhou, Chensheng; Bondi, Arrigo; Lis, Rosina; Van Hemelrijck, Mieke; Andrén, Ove; Andersson, Sven-Olof; Watson, R. William; Pennington, Stephen; Finn, Stephen P.; Martin, Neil; Stampfer, Meir; Parmigiani, Giovanni; Penney, Kathryn; Fiorentino, Michelangelo; Mucci, Lorelei; Loda, Massimo
    While progression from normal prostatic epithelium to invasive cancer is driven by molecular alterations, tumor cells and cells in the cancer microenvironment are co-dependent and co-evolve. Few human studies to date have focused on stroma. Here, we performed gene expression profiling of laser capture microdissected normal non-neoplastic prostate epithelial tissue and compared it to non-transformed and neoplastic low-grade and high-grade prostate epithelial tissue from radical prostatectomies, each with its immediately surrounding stroma. Whereas benign epithelium in prostates with and without tumor were similar in gene expression space, stroma away from tumor was significantly different from that in prostates without cancer. A stromal gene signature reflecting bone remodeling and immune-related pathways was upregulated in high compared to low-Gleason grade cases. In validation data, the signature discriminated cases that developed metastasis from those that did not. These data suggest that the microenvironment may influence prostate cancer initiation, maintenance, and metastatic progression.
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    Expression of Periostin, Homologous with an Insect Cell Adhesion Molecule, as a Prognostic Marker in Non‐small Cell Lung Cancers
    (Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2001) Sasaki, Hidefumi; Lo, Kin‐Ming; Chen, Lan Bo; Auclair, Daniel; Nakashima, Yoshiaki; Moriyama, Satoru; Fukai, Ichiro; Tarn, Carmen; Loda, Massimo; Fujii, Yoshitaka
    We used our palindromic polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐driven cDNA differential display technique to identify and isolate a gene, designated periostin, from cancer tissues and found it to be overexpressed in several human tumors. We attempted to determine the influence of periostin expression on clinical outcome in patients with non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) by reverse transcriptase (RT)‐PCR analysis. Periostin gene was highly expressed at the tumor periphery of lung cancer tissue but not within the tumor by in situ RNA hybridization, suggesting that expression of periostin may be involved in the process of tumor invasion. Periostin transcripts were detected in 50 (49.0%) of the tumor samples, although some paired normal lung samples showed weak expression. There was no relationship between periostin gene expression and gender, N‐ or T‐status. The NSCLC patients with periostin expression had significantly poorer survival than the patients without periostin expression (P=0.0338).
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    A co-clinical approach identifies mechanisms and potential therapies for androgen deprivation resistance in prostate cancer
    (2013) Lunardi, Andrea; Ala, Ugo; Epping, Mirjam T.; Salmena, Leonardo; Clohessy, John; Webster, Kaitlyn A.; Wang, Guocan; Mazzucchelli, Roberta; Bianconi, Maristella; Stack, Edward C.; Lis, Rosina; Patnaik, Akash; Cantley, Lewis C.; Bubley, Glenn; Cordon-Cardo, Carlos; Gerald, William L.; Montironi, Rodolfo; Signoretti, Sabina; Loda, Massimo; Nardella, Caterina; Pandolfi, Pier Paolo
    Here we report an integrated analysis that leverages data from treatment of genetic mouse models of prostate cancer along with clinical data from patients to elucidate new mechanisms of castration resistance. We show that castration counteracts tumor progression in a Pten-loss driven mouse model of prostate cancer through the induction of apoptosis and proliferation block. Conversely, this response is bypassed upon deletion of either Trp53 or Lrf together with Pten, leading to the development of castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Mechanistically, the integrated acquisition of data from mouse models and patients identifies the expression patterns of XAF1-XIAP/SRD5A1 as a predictive and actionable signature for CRPC. Importantly, we show that combined inhibition of XIAP, SRD5A1, and AR pathways overcomes castration resistance. Thus, our co-clinical approach facilitates stratification of patients and the development of tailored and innovative therapeutic treatments.
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    A novel direct activator of AMPK inhibits prostate cancer growth by blocking lipogenesis
    (Backwell Publishing Ltd, 2014) Zadra, Giorgia; Photopoulos, Cornelia; Tyekucheva, Svitlana; Heidari, Pedram; Weng, Qing Ping; Fedele, Giuseppe; Liu, Hong; Scaglia, Natalia; Priolo, Carmen; Sicinska, Ewa; Mahmood, Umar; Signoretti, Sabina; Birnberg, Neal; Loda, Massimo
    5′AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) constitutes a hub for cellular metabolic and growth control, thus representing an ideal therapeutic target for prostate cancers (PCas) characterized by increased lipogenesis and activation of mTORC1 pathway. However, whether AMPK activation itself is sufficient to block cancer cell growth remains to be determined. A small molecule screening was performed and identified MT 63–78, a specific and potent direct AMPK activator. Here, we show that direct activation of AMPK inhibits PCa cell growth in androgen sensitive and castration resistant PCa (CRPC) models, induces mitotic arrest, and apoptosis. In vivo, AMPK activation is sufficient to reduce PCa growth, whereas the allelic loss of its catalytic subunits fosters PCa development. Importantly, despite mTORC1 blockade, the suppression of de novo lipogenesis is the underpinning mechanism responsible for AMPK-mediated PCa growth inhibition, suggesting AMPK as a therapeutic target especially for lipogenesis-driven PCas. Finally, we demonstrate that MT 63–78 enhances the growth inhibitory effect of AR signaling inhibitors MDV3100 and abiraterone. This study thus provides a rationale for their combined use in CRPC treatment.
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    Whole exome sequencing of circulating tumor cells provides a window into metastatic prostate cancer
    (2014) Lohr, Jens; Adalsteinsson, Viktor A.; Cibulskis, Kristian; Choudhury, Atish; Rosenberg, Mara; Cruz-Gordillo, Peter; Francis, Joshua; Zhang, Cheng-Zhong; Shalek, Alex K.; Satija, Rahul; Trombetta, John T.; Lu, Diana; Tallapragada, Naren; Tahirova, Narmin; Kim, Sora; Blumenstiel, Brendan; Sougnez, Carrie; Lowe, Alarice; Wong, Bang; Auclair, Daniel; Van Allen, Eliezer; Nakabayashi, Mari; Lis, Rosina T.; Lee, Gwo-Shu M.; Li, Tiantian; Chabot, Matthew S.; Ly, Amy; Taplin, Mary-Ellen; Clancy, Thomas; Loda, Massimo; Regev, Aviv; Meyerson, Matthew; Hahn, William; Kantoff, Philip; Golub, Todd; Getz, Gad; Boehm, Jesse S.; Love, J. Christopher
    Comprehensive analyses of cancer genomes promise to inform prognoses and precise cancer treatments. A major barrier, however, is inaccessibility of metastatic tissue. A potential solution is to characterize circulating tumor cells (CTCs), but this requires overcoming the challenges of isolating rare cells and sequencing low-input material. Here we report an integrated process to isolate, qualify and sequence whole exomes of CTCs with high fidelity, using a census-based sequencing strategy. Power calculations suggest that mapping of >99.995% of the standard exome is possible in CTCs. We validated our process in two prostate cancer patients including one for whom we sequenced CTCs, a lymph node metastasis and nine cores of the primary tumor. Fifty-one of 73 CTC mutations (70%) were observed in matched tissue. Moreover, we identified 10 early-trunk and 56 metastatic-trunk mutations in the non-CTC tumor samples and found 90% and 73% of these, respectively, in CTC exomes. This study establishes a foundation for CTC genomics in the clinic.
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    The histone methyltransferase SETDB1 is recurrently amplified in melanoma and accelerates its onset
    (Nature Publishing Group, 2011) Ceol, Craig J.; Houvras, Yariv; Jane-Valbuena, Judit; Bilodeau, Steve; Orlando, David A.; Battisti, Valentine; Fritsch, Lauriane; Lin, William; Hollmann, Travis J.; Ferré, Fabrizio; Bourque, Caitlin; Burke, Christopher J.; Turner, Laura; Uong, Audrey; Johnson, Laura A.; Beroukhim, Rameen; Mermel, Craig; Loda, Massimo; Ait-Si-Ali, Slimane; Garraway, Levi; Young, Richard; Zon, Leonard
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    Serum glucose and risk of cancer: a meta-analysis
    (BioMed Central, 2014) Crawley, Danielle J; Holmberg, Lars; Melvin, Jennifer C; Loda, Massimo; Chowdhury, Simon; Rudman, Sarah M; Van Hemelrijck, Mieke
    Background: Raised serum glucose has been linked to increased risk of many solid cancers. We performed a meta-analysis to quantify and summarise the evidence for this link. Methods: Pubmed and Embase were reviewed, using search terms representing serum glucose and cancer. Inclusion and exclusion criteria focused on epidemiological studies with clear definitions of serum glucose levels, cancer type, as well as well-described statistical methods with sufficient data available. We used 6.1 mmol/L as the cut-off for high glucose, consistent with the WHO definition of metabolic syndrome. Random effects analyses were performed to estimate the pooled relative risk (RR). Results: Nineteen studies were included in the primary analysis, which showed a pooled RR of 1.32 (95% CI: 1.20 – 1.45). Including only those individuals with fasting glucose measurements did not have a large effect on the pooled RR (1.32 (95% CI: 1.11-1.57). A stratified analysis showed a pooled RR of 1.34 (95% CI: 1.02-1.77) for hormonally driven cancer and 1.21 (95% CI: 1.09-1.36) for cancers thought to be driven by Insulin Growth Factor-1. Conclusion: A positive association between serum glucose and risk of cancer was found. The underlying biological mechanisms remain to be elucidated but our subgroup analyses suggest that the insulin- IGF-1 axis does not fully explain the association. These findings are of public health importance as measures to reduce serum glucose via lifestyle and dietary changes could be implemented in the context of cancer mortality.
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    A novel genomic alteration of LSAMP associates with aggressive prostate cancer in African American men
    (Elsevier, 2015) Petrovics, Gyorgy; Li, Hua; Stümpel, Tanja; Tan, Shyh-Han; Young, Denise; Katta, Shilpa; Li, Qiyuan; Ying, Kai; Klocke, Bernward; Ravindranath, Lakshmi; Kohaar, Indu; Chen, Yongmei; Ribli, Dezső; Grote, Korbinian; Zou, Hua; Cheng, Joseph; Dalgard, Clifton L.; Zhang, Shimin; Csabai, István; Kagan, Jacob; Takeda, David; Loda, Massimo; Srivastava, Sudhir; Scherf, Matthias; Seifert, Martin; Gaiser, Timo; McLeod, David G.; Szallasi, Zoltan; Ebner, Reinhard; Werner, Thomas; Sesterhenn, Isabell A.; Freedman, Matthew; Dobi, Albert; Srivastava, Shiv
    Evaluation of cancer genomes in global context is of great interest in light of changing ethnic distribution of the world population. We focused our study on men of African ancestry because of their disproportionately higher rate of prostate cancer (CaP) incidence and mortality. We present a systematic whole genome analyses, revealing alterations that differentiate African American (AA) and Caucasian American (CA) CaP genomes. We discovered a recurrent deletion on chromosome 3q13.31 centering on the LSAMP locus that was prevalent in tumors from AA men (cumulative analyses of 435 patients: whole genome sequence, 14; FISH evaluations, 101; and SNP array, 320 patients). Notably, carriers of this deletion experienced more rapid disease progression. In contrast, PTEN and ERG common driver alterations in CaP were significantly lower in AA prostate tumors compared to prostate tumors from CA. Moreover, the frequency of inter-chromosomal rearrangements was significantly higher in AA than CA tumors. These findings reveal differentially distributed somatic mutations in CaP across ancestral groups, which have implications for precision medicine strategies.
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    Lung Adenocarcinoma with EGFR Amplification Has Distinct Clinicopathologic and Molecular Features in Never-Smokers
    (American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), 2009) Sholl, Lynette; Yeap, Beow; Iafrate, Anthony; Holmes-Tisch, A. J.; Chou, Y.-P.; Wu, Ming-Tsang; Goan, Y.-G.; Su, Li; Benedettini, E.; Yu, J.; Loda, Massimo; Janne, Pasi; Christiani, David; Chirieac, Lucian
    In a subset of lung adenocarcinomas the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is activated by kinase domain mutations and/or gene amplification, but the interaction between the two types of abnormalities is complex and unclear. We selected to study 99 consecutive never-smoking women of East Asian origin with lung adenocarcinomas that were characterized by histologic subtype. We analyzed EGFR mutations by PCR-capillary sequencing, EGFR copy number abnormalities by fluorescence and chromogenic in situ hybridization and quantitative PCR, and EGFR expression by immunohistochemistry with both specific antibodies against exon 19 deletion-mutated EGFR and total EGFR. We compared molecular and clinicopathologic features with disease-free survival. Lung adenocarcinomas with EGFR amplification had significantly more EGFR exon 19 deletion mutations than adenocarcinomas with disomy, low and high polysomy (100% v 54%, P=0.009). EGFR amplification occurred invariably on the mutated and not the wildtype allele (median mutated:wildtype ratios 14.0 v .33, P=0.003), was associated with solid histology (P=0.008), and advanced clinical stage (P=0.009). EGFR amplification was focally distributed in lung cancer specimens, mostly in regions with solid histology. Patients with EGFR amplification had a significantly worse outcome in univariate analysis (median disease-free survival 16 v 31 months, P=0.01) and when adjusted for stage (P=0.027). Lung adenocarcinomas with EGFR amplification have a unique association with exon 19 deletion mutations and demonstrate distinct clinicopathologic features associated with a significantly worsened prognosis. In these cases, EGFR amplification is heterogeneously distributed, mostly in areas with a solid histology.
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    Paired Exome Analysis of Barrett’s Esophagus and Adenocarcinoma
    (2015) Stachler, Matthew; Taylor-Weiner, Amaro; Peng, Shouyong; McKenna, Aaron; Agoston, Agoston; Odze, Robert; Davison, Jon M.; Nason, Katie S.; Loda, Massimo; Leshchiner, Ignaty; Stewart, Chip; Stojanov, Petar; Seepo, Sara; Lawrence, Michael S.; Ferrer-Torres, Daysha; Lin, Jules; Chang, Andrew C.; Gabriel, Stacey B.; Lander, Eric S.; Beer, David G.; Getz, Gad; Carter, Scott; Bass, Adam J.
    Barrett’s esophagus, is thought to progress to esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) through a step-wise progression with loss of CDKN2A followed by p53 inactivation and aneuploidy. Here, we present whole exome sequencing from 25 pairs of EAC and Barrett’s and five patients whose Barrett’s and tumor were extensively sampled. Our analysis revealed that oncogene amplification typically occurred as a late event and that TP53 mutations often occur early in Barrett’s progression, including in non-dysplastic epithelium. Reanalysis of additional EAC exome data revealed that the majority (62.5%) of EACs emerged following genome doubling and that tumors with genomic doubling had different patterns of genomic alterations with more frequent oncogenic amplifications and less frequent inactivation of tumor suppressors, including CDKN2A. These data suggest that many EACs emerge not through gradual accumulation of tumor suppressor alterations but rather through a more direct path whereby a TP53-mutant cell undergoes genome doubling, followed by acquisition of oncogenic amplifications.