The advancement of high-throughput, large-scale biochemical, biophysical, and genetic technologies has enabled the generation of massive amounts of biological data and allowed us to synthesize various types of biomaterial for engineering purposes. This enabled improved observational methodologies for us to navigate and locate, with unprecedented resolution, the potential factors and connections that may contribute to biological and biomedical processes. Nonetheless, it leaves us with the increasing demand to validate these observations to elucidate the actual causal mechanisms in biology and medicine. Due to the lack of powerful and precise tools to manipulate biological systems in mammalian cells, these efforts have not been able to progress at an adequate pace.
