Scherrer-Crosbie, Marielle

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Scherrer-Crosbie, Marielle

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Scherrer-Crosbie

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Marielle

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Scherrer-Crosbie, Marielle

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The Ability of Nitric Oxide to Lower Intraocular Pressure Is Dependent on Guanylyl Cyclase
(The Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, 2017) Muenster, Stefan; Lieb, Wolfgang S.; Fabry, Gregor; Allen, Kaitlin N.; Kamat, Shivani S.; Guy, Ann H.; Dordea, Ana C.; Teixeira, Leandro; Tainsh, Robert E.; Yu, Binglan; Zhu, Wei; Ashpole, Nicole E.; Malhotra, Rajeev; Brouckaert, Peter; Bloch, Donald; Scherrer-Crosbie, Marielle; Stamer, W. Daniel; Kuehn, Markus H.; Pasquale, Louis; Buys, Emmanuel
Purpose While nitric oxide (NO) donors are emerging as treatments for glaucoma, the mechanism by which NO lowers intraocular pressure (IOP) is unclear. NO activates the enzyme guanylyl cyclase (GC) to produce cyclic guanosine monophosphate. We studied the ocular effects of inhaled and topically applied NO gas in mice and lambs, respectively. Methods: IOP and aqueous humor (AqH) outflow were measured in WT and GC-1α subunit null (GC-1−/−) mice. Mice breathed 40 parts per million (ppm) NO in O2 or control gas (N2/O2). We also studied the effect of ocular NO gas exposure (80, 250, 500, and 1000 ppm) on IOP in anesthetized lambs. NO metabolites were measured in AqH and plasma. Results: In awake WT mice, breathing NO for 40 minutes lowered IOP from 14.4 ± 1.9 mm Hg to 10.9 ± 1.0 mm Hg (n = 11, P < 0.001). Comparable results were obtained in anesthetized WT mice (n = 10, P < 0.001). In awake or anesthetized GC-1−/− mice, IOP did not change under similar experimental conditions (P ≥ 0.08, n = 20). Breathing NO increased in vivo outflow facility in WT but not GC-1−/− mice (+13.7 ± 14.6% vs. −12.1 ± 9.4%, n = 4 each, P < 0.05). In lambs, ocular exposure to NO lowered IOP in a dose-dependent manner (−0.43 mm Hg/ppm NO; n = 5 with 40 total measurements; P = 0.04) without producing corneal pathology or altering pulmonary and systemic hemodynamics. After ocular NO exposure, NO metabolites were increased in AqH (n = 8, P < 0.001) but not in plasma. Conclusions: Breathing NO reduced IOP and increased outflow facility in a GC-dependent manner in mice. Exposure of ovine eyes to NO lowers IOP.
Phosphomimetic Modulation of eNOS Improves Myocardial Reperfusion and Mimics Cardiac Postconditioning in Mice
(Public Library of Science, 2014) Pong, Terrence; Scherrer-Crosbie, Marielle; Atochin, Dmitriy; Bloch, Kenneth; Huang, Paul
Objective: Myocardial infarction resulting from ischemia-reperfusion injury can be reduced by cardiac postconditioning, in which blood flow is restored intermittently prior to full reperfusion. Although key molecular mechanisms and prosurvival pathways involved in postconditioning have been identified, a direct role for eNOS-derived NO in improving regional myocardial perfusion has not been shown. The objective of this study is to measure, with high temporal and spatial resolution, regional myocardial perfusion during ischemia-reperfusion and postconditioning, in order to determine the contribution of regional blood flow effects of NO to infarct size and protection. Methods and Results: We used myocardial contrast echocardiography to measure regional myocardial blood flow in mice over time. Reperfusion after myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury is improved by postconditioning, as well as by phosphomimetic eNOS modulation. Knock-in mice expressing a phosphomimetic S1176D form of eNOS showed improved myocardial reperfusion and significantly reduced infarct size. eNOS knock-out mice failed to show cardioprotection from postconditioning. The size of the no-reflow zone following ischemia-reperfusion is substantially reduced by postconditioning and by the phosphomimetic eNOS mutation. Conclusions and Significance Using myocardial contrast echocardiography, we show that temporal dynamics of regional myocardial perfusion restoration contribute to reduced infarct size after postconditioning. eNOS has direct effects on myocardial blood flow following ischemia-reperfusion, with reduction in the size of the no-reflow zone. These results have important implications for ongoing clinical trials on cardioprotection, because the degree of protective benefit may be significantly influenced by the regional hemodynamic effects of eNOS-derived NO.
Assessment of Echocardiography and Biomarkers for the Extended Prediction of Cardiotoxicity in Patients Treated With Anthracyclines, Taxanes, and Trastuzumab
(Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), 2012) Sawaya, H.; Sebag, I. A.; Plana, J. C.; Januzzi, James; Ky, B.; Tan, T. C.; Cohen, V.; Banchs, J.; Carver, J. R.; Wiegers, S. E.; Martin, R. P.; Picard, Michael; Gerszten, Robert; Halpern, Elkan F.; Passeri, Jonathan; Kuter, Irene; Scherrer-Crosbie, Marielle
Background: Because cancer patients survive longer, the impact of cardiotoxicity associated with the use of cancer treatments escalates. The present study investigates whether early alterations of myocardial strain and blood biomarkers predict incident cardiotoxicity in patients with breast cancer during treatment with anthracyclines, taxanes, and trastuzumab. Methods and Results: Eighty-one women with newly diagnosed human epidermal growth factor receptor 2–positive breast cancer, treated with anthracyclines followed by taxanes and trastuzumab were enrolled to be evaluated every 3 months during their cancer therapy (total of 15 months) using echocardiograms and blood samples. Left ventricular ejection fraction, peak systolic longitudinal, radial, and circumferential myocardial strain were calculated. Ultrasensitive troponin I, N-terminal pro–B-type natriuretic peptide, and the interleukin family member (ST2) were also measured. Left ventricular ejection fraction decreased (64 ± 5% to 59 ± 6%; P<0.0001) over 15 months. Twenty-six patients (32%, [22%–43%]) developed cardiotoxicity as defined by the Cardiac Review and Evaluation Committee Reviewing Trastuzumab; of these patients, 5 (6%, [2%–14%]) had symptoms of heart failure. Peak systolic longitudinal myocardial strain and ultrasensitive troponin I measured at the completion of anthracyclines treatment predicted the subsequent development of cardiotoxicity; no significant associations were observed for left ventricular ejection fraction, N-terminal pro–B-type natriuretic peptide, and ST2. Longitudinal strain was <19% in all patients who later developed heart failure. Conclusions: In patients with breast cancer treated with anthracyclines, taxanes, and trastuzumab, systolic longitudinal myocardial strain and ultrasensitive troponin I measured at the completion of anthracyclines therapy are useful in the prediction of subsequent cardiotoxicity and may help guide treatment to avoid cardiac side-effects.
Validation of Noninvasive Measurements of Cardiac Output in Mice Using Echocardiography
(Elsevier BV, 2011) Tournoux, François; Petersen, Bodil; Thibault, Hélène; Zou, Lin; Raher, Michael J.; Kurtz, Baptiste; Halpern, Elkan F.; Chaput, Miguel; Chao, Wei; Picard, Michael; Scherrer-Crosbie, Marielle
Although multiple echocardiographic methods exist to calculate cardiac output (CO), they have not been validated in mice using a reference method. Echocardiographic and flow probe measurements of CO were obtained in mice before and after albumin infusion and inferior vena cava occlusions. Echocardiography was also performed before and after endotoxin injection. Cardiac output was calculated using LV volumes obtained from a M Mode or a 2D view, LV stroke volume calculated using the pulmonary flow, or estimated using pulmonary VTI. Close correlations were demonstrated between flow probe-measured CO and all echocardiographic measurements of CO. All echocardiographic-derived CO overestimated the flow-probe measured CO. 2D images-derived CO was associated with the smallest overestimation of CO. Interobserver variability was lowest for pulmonary VTI derived CO. In mice, CO calculated from 2D parasternal long axis images is most accurate when compared to flow probe measurements, however, pulmonary VTI-derived CO is subject to less variability.
Soluble Guanylate Cyclase a1–Deficient Mice: a novel murine model for Primary Open Angle Glaucoma
(Indian Academy of Neurosciences, 2013) Buys, Emmanuel; Ko, Yu-Chieh; Alt, Clemens; Hayton, Sarah R.; Jones, Alexander; Tainsh, Laurel T.; Ren, Ruiyi; Giani, Andrea; Clerte’, Maeva; Abernathy, Emma; Tainsh, Robert E. T.; Oh, Dong-Jin; Malhotra, Rajeev; Arora, Pankaj; de Waard, Nadine; Yu, Binglan; Turcotte, Raphael; Nathan, Daniel; Scherrer-Crosbie, Marielle; Loomis, Stephanie J.; Kang, Jae Hee; Lin, Charles; Gong, Haiyan; Rhee, Douglas J.; Brouckaert, Peter; Wiggs, Janey; Gregory-Ksander, Meredith; Pasquale, Louis; Bloch, Kenneth D.; Ksander, Bruce
Nitric oxide synthase 3 deficiency limits adverse ventricular remodeling after pressure overload in insulin resistance
(American Physiological Society, 2011) Kurtz, Baptiste; Thibault, Helene B.; Raher, Michael J.; Popovich, John R.; Cawley, Sharon; Atochin, Dmitriy; Hayton, Sarah; Shakartzi, Hannah R.; Huang, Paul; Bloch, Kenneth; Buys, Emmanuel; Scherrer-Crosbie, Marielle
Insulin resistance (IR) and systemic hypertension are independently associated with heart failure. We reported previously that nitric oxide synthase 3 (NOS3) has a beneficial effect on left ventricular (LV) remodeling and function after pressure-overload in mice. The aim of our study was to investigate the interaction of IR and NOS3 in pressure-overload-induced LV remodeling and dysfunction. Wild-type (WT) and NOS3-deficient (NOS3−/−) mice were fed either a standard diet (SD) or a high-fat diet (HFD) to induce IR. After 9 days of diet, mice underwent transverse aortic constriction (TAC). LV structure and function were assessed serially using echocardiography. Cardiomyocytes were isolated, and levels of oxidative stress were evaluated using 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate. Cardiac mitochondria were isolated, and mitochondrial respiration and ATP production were measured. TAC induced LV remodeling and dysfunction in all mice. The TAC-induced decrease in LV function was greater in SD-fed NOS3−/− mice than in SD-fed WT mice. In contrast, HFD-fed NOS3−/− developed less LV remodeling and dysfunction and had better survival than did HFD-fed WT mice. Seven days after TAC, oxidative stress levels were lower in cardiomyocytes from HFD-fed NOS3−/− than in those from HFD-fed WT. Nω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester and mitochondrial inhibitors (rotenone and 2-thenoyltrifluoroacetone) decreased oxidative stress levels in cardiomyocytes from HFD-fed WT mice. Mitochondrial respiration was altered in NOS3−/− mice but did not worsen after HFD and TAC. In contrast with its protective role in SD, NOS3 increases LV adverse remodeling after pressure overload in HFD-fed, insulin resistant mice. Interactions between NOS3 and mitochondria may be responsible for increased oxidative stress levels in HFD-fed WT mice hearts.
In Vivo Noninvasive Characterization of Brown Adipose Tissue Blood Flow by Contrast Ultrasound in Mice
(Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), 2012) Baron, David M.; Clerte, Maeva; Brouckaert, Peter; Raher, Michael J.; Flynn, Aidan W.; Zhang, Haihua; Carter, Edward; Picard, Michael; Bloch, Kenneth; Buys, Emmanuel; Scherrer-Crosbie, Marielle
Background—Interventions to increase brown adipose tissue (BAT) volume and activation are being extensively investigated as therapies to decrease the body weight in obese subjects. Noninvasive methods to monitor these therapies in animal models and humans are rare. We investigated whether contrast ultrasound (CU) performed in mice could detect BAT and measure its activation by monitoring BAT blood flow. After validation, CU was used to study the role of uncoupling protein 1 and nitric oxide synthases in the acute regulation of BAT blood flow. Methods and Results—Blood flow of interscapular BAT was assessed in mice (n=64) with CU by measuring the signal intensity of continuously infused contrast microbubbles. Blood flow of BAT estimated by CU was 0.5±0.1 (mean±SEM) dB/s at baseline and increased 15-fold during BAT stimulation by norepinephrine (1 µg·kg−1·min−1). Assessment of BAT blood flow using CU was correlated to that performed with fluorescent microspheres (R2=0.86, P<0.001). To evaluate whether intact BAT activation is required to increase BAT blood flow, CU was performed in uncoupling protein 1–deficient mice with impaired BAT activation. Norepinephrine infusion induced a smaller increase in BAT blood flow in uncoupling protein 1–deficient mice than in wild-type mice. Finally, we investigated whether nitric oxide synthases played a role in acute norepinephrine-induced changes of BAT blood flow. Genetic and pharmacologic inhibition of nitric oxide synthase 3 attenuated the norepinephrine-induced increase in BAT blood flow. Conclusions—These results indicate that CU can detect BAT in mice and estimate BAT blood flow in mice with functional differences in BAT.
Innate Immune Adaptor MyD88 Mediates Neutrophil Recruitment and Myocardial Injury after Ischemia-Reperfusion in Mice
(American Physiological Society, 2008) Feng, Yan; Zhao, Huailong; Xu, Xinhua; Buys, Emmanuel; Raher, Michael J.; Bopassa, Jean C.; Thibault, Helene; Scherrer-Crosbie, Marielle; Schmidt, Ulrich; Chao, Wei
MyD88 is an adaptor protein critical for innate immune response against microbial infection and in certain noninfectious tissue injury. The present study examined the role of MyD88 in myocardial inflammation and injury after ischemia-reperfusion (I/R). I/R was produced by coronary artery ligation for 30 min followed by reperfusion. The ratios of area at risk to left ventricle (LV) were similar between wild-type (WT) and MyD88-deficient (MyD88−/−) mice. However, 24 h after I/R, the ratios of myocardial infarction to area at risk were 58% less in MyD88−/− than in WT mice (14 ± 2% vs. 33 ± 6%, P = 0.01). Serial echocardiographic studies demonstrated that there was no difference in baseline LV contractile function between the two groups. Twenty-four hours after I/R, LV ejection fraction (EF) and fractional shortening (FS) in WT mice were reduced by 44% and 62% (EF, 51 ± 2%, and FS, 22 ± 1%, P < 0.001), respectively, and remained depressed on the seventh day after I/R. In comparison, EF and FS in MyD88−/− mice were 67 ± 3% and 33 ± 2%, respectively, after I/R (P < 0.001 vs. WT). Similarly, LV function, as demonstrated by invasive hemodynamic measurements, was better preserved in MyD88−/− compared with WT mice after I/R. Furthermore, when compared with WT mice, MyD88−/− mice subjected to I/R had a marked decrease in myocardial inflammation as demonstrated by attenuated neutrophil recruitment and decreased expression of the proinflammatory mediators keratinocyte chemoattractant, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and ICAM-1. Taken together, these data suggest that MyD88 modulates myocardial inflammatory injury and contributes to myocardial infarction and LV dysfunction during I/R.
Brown Adipose Tissue Blood Flow and Mass in Obesity: A Contrast Ultrasound Study in Mice
(Elsevier BV, 2013) Clerte, Maëva; Baron, David; Brouckaert, Peter; Ernande, Laura; Raher, Michael J.; Flynn, Aidan W.; Picard, Michael; Bloch, Kenneth; Buys, Emmanuel; Scherrer-Crosbie, Marielle
Background: When activated by the sympathetic nervous system, brown adipose tissue (BAT) increases energy expenditure to produce heat. Augmenting BAT mass or increasing BAT activation could potentially be used to decrease obesity. Noninvasive methods to detect and monitor BAT mass are needed. Contrast ultrasound can estimate BAT blood flow and is able to measure the perfused volume of an organ and thus its mass. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether contrast ultrasound could characterize BAT mass in two mouse models of obesity: wild-type mice fed a high-fat diet and mutant db/db mice. Methods: Contrast ultrasound of BAT (Definity 2 μL/min; 14-MHz linear probe) was performed before and after stimulation of BAT with norepinephrine (NE). BAT replenishment curves were obtained, and blood flow was estimated by the product of the curve’s plateau and slope. Additionally, consecutive two-dimensional images of perfused BAT were acquired at 1-mm intervals after stimulation with NE and used to assess BAT volume and mass. Results: BAT blood flow increased after NE infusion in all mice studied. Blood flow response to NE was similar in wild-type mice fed either a low-fat diet or a high-fat diet. BAT blood flow was lower in db/db mice than in wild-type mice (P = .02). Contrast ultrasound–derived BAT mass was correlated with BAT mass obtained at necropsy (R2 = 0.83, P < .001). BAT mass was higher in mice fed a high-fat diet than in those fed a low-fat diet. Conclusions: Contrast ultrasound can be used to estimate BAT mass in mice when BAT vascularization is not significantly impaired. This noninvasive technique may potentially allow the serial evaluation of therapies designed to augment BAT mass.
Early Detection and Prediction of Cardiotoxicity in Chemotherapy-Treated Patients
(Elsevier BV, 2011) Sawaya, Heloisa; Sebag, Igal A.; Plana, Juan Carlos; Januzzi, James; Ky, Bonnie; Cohen, Victor; Gosavi, Sucheta; Carver, Joseph R.; Wiegers, Susan E.; Martin, Randolph P.; Picard, Michael; Gerszten, Robert; Halpern, Elkan F.; Passeri, Jonathan; Kuter, Irene; Scherrer-Crosbie, Marielle
As breast cancer survival increases, cardiotoxicity associated with chemotherapeutic regimens such as anthracyclines and trastuzumab becomes a more significant issue. Assessment of the left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction fails to detect subtle alterations in LV function. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether more sensitive echocardiographic measurements and biomarkers could predict future cardiac dysfunction in chemotherapy-treated patients. Forty-three patients diagnosed with breast cancer who received anthracyclines and trastuzumab therapy underwent echocardiography and blood sampling at 3 time points (baseline and 3 and 6 months during the course of chemotherapy). The LV ejection fraction; peak systolic myocardial longitudinal, radial, and circumferential strain; echocardiographic markers of diastolic function; N-terminal pro–B-type natriuretic peptide; and high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I were measured. Nine patients (21%) developed cardiotoxicity (1 at 3 months and 8 at 6 months) as defined by the Cardiac Review and Evaluation Committee reviewing trastuzumab. A decrease in longitudinal strain from baseline to 3 months and detectable high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I at 3 months were independent predictors of the development of cardiotoxicity at 6 months. The LV ejection fraction, parameters of diastolic function, and N-terminal pro–B-type natriuretic peptide did not predict cardiotoxicity. In conclusion, cardiac troponin plasma concentrations and longitudinal strain predict the development of cardiotoxicity in patients treated with anthracyclines and trastuzumab. The 2 parameters may be useful to detect chemotherapy-treated patients who may benefit from alternative therapies, potentially decreasing the incidence of cardiotoxicity and its associated morbidity and mortality.