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Cohen, Adam

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Cohen

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Cohen, Adam
Author's Publications: search.filters.isAuthorOfPublication.f15517ac-2c77-483f-9da2-5d323e02f525

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    A 3T MR Imaging Investigation of the Topography of Whole Spinal Cord Atrophy in Multiple Sclerosis
    (American Society of Neuroradiology (ASNR), 2011) Klein, Joshua; Arora, A.; Neema, M; Healy, Brian; Tauhid, Shahamat; Goldberg-Zimring, D.; Chavarro-Nieto, C.; Stankiewicz, James; Cohen, Adam; Buckle, G. J.; Houtchens, Maria; Ceccarelli, A.; Dell, E.; Guttmann, Charles; Alsop, David; Hackney, David; Bakshi, Rohit
    Background and Purpose: Spinal cord atrophy is a common feature of MS. However, it is unknown which cord levels are most susceptible to atrophy. We performed whole cord imaging to identify the levels most susceptible to atrophy in patients with MS versus controls and also tested for differences among MS clinical phenotypes. Materials and Methods: Thirty-five patients with MS (2 with CIS, 27 with RRMS, 2 with SPMS, and 4 with PPMS phenotypes) and 27 healthy controls underwent whole cord 3T MR imaging. The spinal cord contour was segmented and assigned to bins representing each C1 to T12 vertebral level. Volumes were normalized, and group comparisons were age-adjusted. Results: There was a trend toward decreased spinal cord volume at the upper cervical levels in PPMS/SPMS versus controls. A trend toward increased spinal cord volume throughout the cervical and thoracic cord in RRMS/CIS versus controls reached statistical significance at the T10 vertebral level. A statistically significant decrease was found in spinal cord volume at the upper cervical levels in PPMS/SPMS versus RRMS/CIS. Conclusions: Opposing pathologic factors impact spinal cord volume measures in MS. Patients with PPMS demonstrated a trend toward upper cervical cord atrophy. However patients with RRMS showed a trend toward increased volume at the cervical and thoracic levels, which most likely reflects inflammation or edema-related cord expansion. With the disease causing both expansion and contraction of the cord, the specificity of spinal cord volume measures for neuroprotective therapeutic effect may be limited.
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    Increased diffusivity in superior temporal gyrus in patients with schizophrenia: A Diffusion Tensor Imaging study
    (Elsevier BV, 2009) Lee, KangUk; Yoshida, Takeshi; Kubicki, Marek; Bouix, Sylvain; Westin, Carl-Fredrik; Kindlmann, Gordon; Niznikiewicz, Margaret; Cohen, Adam; McCarley, Robert William; Shenton, Martha
    Background: Superior temporal gyrus (STG) volume reduction is one of the most consistent findings in schizophrenia. The goal of this study was to conduct the first diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) study to investigate altered structural integrity in STG gray and white matter in patients with chronic schizophrenia compared with healthy controls. Methods: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and DTI were acquired in 21 male patients with schizophrenia and 22 age-, handedness-, and parental social economic status-matched male comparison subjects. After manual segmentation of gray and white matter, mean diffusivity and fractional anisotropy were measured within STG. Correlational analyses were also conducted to test possible associations between DTI and clinical measures, including positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia. Results: Compared with controls, patients demonstrated reduced volume, bilaterally, in STG gray matter but not in white matter. For DTI measures, patients showed increased mean diffusivity, bilaterally, in STG gray matter, and in left-sided STG white matter. In addition, mean diffusivity in left-sided STG white matter showed statistically significant correlations with auditory hallucinations and attentional impairments in patients. Conclusions: These findings suggest a disruption of tissue integrity in STG gray and white matter in schizophrenia. In addition, increased water diffusivity in left-side STG, which was associated with auditory hallucinations and attentional impairments, suggests the possibility of a disconnection among auditory/language processing regions in schizophrenia.