Person: Aswani, Jitendra
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Aswani
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Jitendra
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Aswani, Jitendra
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Publication Debt Markets Retort to Mandatory Corporate Social Responsibility(Elsevier BV, 2022) Aswani, JitendraThis study examines the debt markets’ response to mandatory CSR as prescribed by the Indian Companies Act 2013. Implementing this rule results in a 43 basis point increase in yield spreads for compliant firms, counteracting the Act’s debt-reducing provisions. The upsurge is attributed to the negative impact of mandatory CSR on expected cash flow. Leveraging a generative artificial intelligence (AI) model, the analysis distinguishes between mandatory CSR governance and expenditure. The former modestly boosts the issue-to-sales ratio by 1.2%, while the latter significantly drives the rise in yield spreads, illuminating the complex effects of mandatory CSR on debt market behavior.Publication Are Carbon Emissions Associated with Stock Returns?(Oxford University Press (OUP), 2023-04-03) Aswani, Jitendra; Rajgopal, Shivaram; Rajgopal, AneeshAn influential emerging literature documents strong correlations between carbon emissions and stock returns. We re-examine those data and conclude that these associations are driven by two factors. First, stock returns are correlated only with unscaled emissions estimated by the data vendor, but not with unscaled emissions actually disclosed by firms. Vendor-estimated emissions systematically differ from firm-disclosed emissions and are highly correlated with financial fundamentals, suggesting that prior findings primarily capture the association between such fundamentals and returns. Second, unscaled emissions, the variable typically used in academic literature, is correlated with stock returns but emissions intensity (emissions scaled by firm size), an equally important measure used in practice, is not. While unscaled emissions represent an important metric for society, we argue that, for individual firms, emissions intensity is an appropriate measurement choice to assess carbon performance. The associations between emissions and returns disappear after accounting for either of the issues above.