Person:
Holm, Richard

Profile Picture

Email Address

AA Acceptance Date

Birth Date

Research Projects

Organizational Units

Job Title

Last Name

Holm

First Name

Richard

Name

Holm, Richard
Author's Publications: search.filters.isAuthorOfPublication.f4247a0c-4e33-4adc-b98d-3045458d8f4a

Search Results

Now showing 1 - 2 of 2
  • Thumbnail Image
    Publication
    Sulfur K-Edge X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy and Density Functional Theory Calculations on Monooxo MoIV and Bisoxo MoVI Bis-dithiolenes: Insights into the Mechanism of Oxo Transfer in Sulfite Oxidase and Its Relation to the Mechanism of DMSO Reductase
    (American Chemical Society, 2014) Ha, Yang; Tenderholt, Adam L.; Holm, Richard; Hedman, Britt; Hodgson, Keith O.; Solomon, Edward I.
    Sulfur K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations have been used to determine the electronic structures of two complexes [MoIVO(bdt)2]2– and [MoVIO2(bdt)2]2– (bdt = benzene-1,2-dithiolate(2−)) that relate to the reduced and oxidized forms of sulfite oxidase (SO). These are compared with those of previously studied dimethyl sulfoxide reductase (DMSOr) models. DFT calculations supported by the data are extended to evaluate the reaction coordinate for oxo transfer to a phosphite ester substrate. Three possible transition states are found with the one at lowest energy, stabilized by a P–S interaction, in good agreement with experimental kinetics data. Comparison of both oxo transfer reactions shows that in DMSOr, where the oxo is transferred from the substrate to the metal ion, the oxo transfer induces electron transfer, while in SO, where the oxo transfer is from the metal site to the substrate, the electron transfer initiates oxo transfer. This difference in reactivity is related to the difference in frontier molecular orbitals (FMO) of the metal–oxo and substrate–oxo bonds. Finally, these experimentally related calculations are extended to oxo transfer by sulfite oxidase. The presence of only one dithiolene at the enzyme active site selectively activates the equatorial oxo for transfer, and allows facile structural reorganization during turnover.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Publication
    Kinetics and Mechanistic Analysis of an Extremely Rapid Carbon Dioxide Fixation Reaction
    (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2011) Huang, Deguang; Makhlynets, Olga V.; Tan, Lay Ling; Lee, Sonny C.; Rybak-Akimova, Elena V.; Holm, Richard
    Carbon dioxide may react with free or metal-bound hydroxide to afford products containing bicarbonate or carbonate, often captured as ligands bridging two or three metal sites. We report the kinetics and probable mechanism of an extremely rapid fixation reaction mediated by a planar nickel complex [NiII(NNN)(OH)]1- containing a tridentate 2,6-pyridinedicarboxamidate pincer ligand and a terminal hydroxide ligand. The minimal generalized reaction is M-OH + CO2 → M-OCO2H; with variant M, previous rate constants are ≲103 M-1 s-1 in aqueous solution. For the present bimolecular reaction, the (extrapolated) rate constant is 9.5 × 105 M-1 s-1 in N,N′-dimethylformamide at 298 K, a value within the range of kcat/KM≈105–108 M-1 s-1 for carbonic anhydrase, the most efficient catalyst of CO2 fixation reactions. The enthalpy profile of the fixation reaction was calculated by density functional theory. The initial event is the formation of a weak precursor complex between the Ni-OH group and CO2, followed by insertion of a CO2 oxygen atom into the Ni-OH bond to generate a four center Ni(η2-OCO2H) transition state similar to that at the zinc site in carbonic anhydrase. Thereafter, the Ni-OH bond detaches to afford the Ni(η1-OCO2H) fragment, after which the molecule passes through a second, lower energy transition state as the bicarbonate ligand rearranges to a conformation very similar to that in the crystalline product. Theoretical values of metric parameters and activation enthalpy are in good agreement with experimental values [ΔH‡ = 3.2(5) kcal/mol].