Post-Soviet Armenia: Investigating socialist nostalgia, modern problems in Armenia, and Armenia’s extensive relationship with the Russian Federation

Abstract

The geopolitical implications after the collapse of the USSR in 1991 presented unique and difficult circumstances for each of the fifteen post-Soviet republics. Many of which experienced severe economic consequences, social crises, and national insecurity, with a direct result of the USSR dissolution causing the emergence of tumultuous affairs among neighboring countries in the post-Soviet sphere. Many post-Soviet republics today have disavowed the Russian government, denounced socialism under the USSR, and curtailed positive relations with Russia. One country in particular that contrasts from this norm is Armenia, which has strengthened economic and military cooperation with Russia. In addition, its citizens have the highest approval rating of the USSR compared to citizens of other post-Soviet republics. The aim of this thesis is to understand why Armenia’s citizens hold the USSR in high regard, and why there is a long-lasting positive impression about the socialist system. This thesis will also explore ties between Armenia and Russia, and seek to understand why this relationship has been so strong over a span of centuries.