Is There a Missing Galaxy Problem at High Redshift?

Abstract

We study the evolution of the global stellar mass density in a Lambda cold dark matter (LambdaCDM) universe using two different types of hydrodynamic simulations (Eulerian total variation diminishing and smoothed particle hydrodynamics) and the analytical model of Hernquist & Springel. We find that the theoretical calculations all predict both a higher stellar mass density at z similar to 3 than indicated by current observations and that the peak of the cosmic star formation rate history should lie at z greater than or similar to 5. Such a star formation history implies that as much as (70%, 30%) of the total stellar mass density today must already have formed by z ( 1; 3). Our results suggest that current observations at z similar to 3 are missing as much as 50% of the total stellar mass density in the universe, perhaps because of an inadequate allowance for dust obscuration in star-forming galaxies, limited sample sizes, or cosmic variance. We also compare our results with some of the updated semianalytic models of galaxy formation.