Heart Rate Variability and Its Role in Predicting Atrial Fibrillation in Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Graft

Abstract

Background: An association between heart rate variability (HRV) and cardiac events in certain diseases has been demonstrated. However, the association with new-onset atrial fibrillation (AF) after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is still controversial. This study aimed to investigate the association between HRV and new-onset AF in patients undergoing CABG during a 6-month follow-up. Methods: This prospective study included 119 consecutive patients who underwent off-pump CABG. All patients were assessed using 24-hour Holter recordings 2 days before CABG and 1 week, 3 months, and 6 months postoperatively. HRV was analyzed, and AF was detected from its recordings. Main results: In patients undergoing CABG, NYHA III increased the AF rate 7 days postoperatively, and advanced age and diabetes were associated with AF 6 months postoperatively. A reduction in time-domain measurements before surgery was significantly associated with a higher risk of developing AF seven days postoperatively; no association between preoperative HRV and AF was found at six months. Reduced preoperative HRV (SDNN (standard deviation of all normal-to-normal intervals [) < 50 ms) was an independent predictor of AF at 3 (AUC = 0.65) and 6 months (AUC = 0.62) following surgery. Conclusion: A reduction in the time domain measurements before CABG was associated with a higher risk of new-onset AF at 7 days postoperatively but not at 6 months. An SDNN < 50 ms was a weak independent predictor of a higher incidence of AF at 3 and 6 months post-surgery.

Keywords: heart rate variability, coronary artery bypass graft, atrial fibrillation, standard deviation of all normal-to-normal intervals