Publication: Surface Layering in Liquid Gallium: An X-Ray Reflectivity Study
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Date
1995
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American Physical Society
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Regan, M. J., E. H. Kawamoto, S. Lee, and Peter S. Pershan, N. Maskil, M. Deutsch, O. M. Magnussen, B. M. Ocko, and L. E. Berman. 1995. Surface layering in liquid gallium: An x-ray reflectivity study. Physical Review Letters 75(13): 2498–2501.
Abstract
Surface-induced atomic layering in liquid gallium has been observed using x-ray reflectivity, ultrahigh vacuum conditions, and sputtered clean surfaces. Reflectivity data, collected on a supercooled liquid sample to momentum transfers as large as (q_z) = 3.0 Å(^{-1}), exhibit a strong maximum near 2.4 Å(^{-1}) indicating a layer spacing that is comparable to its atomic dimensions. The amplitude of the electron density oscillations decays with a characteristic length of 6 Å. This is unexpectedly twice that of recent results for Hg, and the difference may be related to covalent bonding or supercooling.
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