Realization of Coherent Optically Dense Media via Buffer-Gas Cooling

Abstract

We demonstrate that buffer-gas cooling combined with laser ablation can be used to create coherent optical media with high optical depth and low Doppler broadening that offers metastable states with low collisional and motional decoherence. Demonstration of this generic technique opens pathways to coherent optics with a large variety of atoms and molecules. We use helium buffer gas to cool \(^{87}Rb\) atoms to below \(7 K\) and slow atom diffusion to the walls. Electromagnetically induced transparency in this medium allows for \(50\%\) transmission in a medium with initial optical depth \(D>70\) and for slow pulse propagation with large delay-bandwidth products. In the high-\(D\) regime, we observe high-contrast spectrum oscillations due to efficient four-wave mixing.