Exercise capacity as an independent risk factor for adverse cardiovascular outcomes among nondiabetic and diabetic patients

Abstract

Introduction: To investigate if decreased exercise capacity is an independent risk factor for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in diabetics and nondiabetics. Material and methods The association of decreased exercise capacity (EC) during a treadmill exercise sestamibi stress test with MACE was investigated in 490 nondiabetics and 404 diabetics. Mean follow-up was 53 months. Results: Nondiabetics with a predicted EC < 85% had a higher prevalence of myocardial ischemia (34% vs. 19%, p = 0.0002), 2- or 3-vessel obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) (31% vs. 13%, p = 0.016), myocardial infarction (MI) (17% vs. 7%, p = 0.0005), stroke (8% vs. 2%, p = 0.002), death (11% vs. 3%, p = 0.0002), and MI or stroke or death at follow-up (32% vs. 11%, p < 0.001) compared to nondiabetics with a predicted EC ≥ 85%. Diabetics with a predicted EC < 85% had a higher prevalence of myocardial ischemia (48% vs. 32%, p = 0.0009), 2- or 3-vessel obstructive CAD (54% vs. 28%, p = 0.001), MI (32% vs. 14%, p < 0.001), stroke (22% vs. 6%, p < 0.001), death (17% vs. 9%, p = 0.031), and MI or stroke or death at follow-up (65% vs. 27%, p < 0.001). Stepwise Cox regression analysis showed decreased EC was an independent and significant risk factor for MACE among nondiabetics (hazard ratio 3.3, p < 0.0001) and diabetics (hazard ratio 2.7, p < 0.0001). Conclusions: Diabetics and nondiabetics with decreased EC were at increased risk for MACE with nondiabetics and decreased EC at similar risk as diabetics with normal EC.