Risk Stratification by Regadenoson Stress Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Patients With Known or Suspected Coronary Artery Disease

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the association between major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) and inducible ischemia on regadenoson cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) performed at 3.0 T. Regadenoson stress CMR MPI is increasingly used to assess patients with suspected ischemia; however, its value in patient prognostication and risk reclassification is only emerging. A total of 346 patients with suspected ischemia who were referred for regadenoson CMR were studied. The prognostic association of presence of inducible ischemia by CMR with MACEs was determined. In addition, we assessed the extent of net reclassification improvement by CMR beyond a clinical risk model. There were 52 MACEs during a median follow-up period of 1.9 years. Patients with inducible ischemia were fourfold more likely to experience MACEs (hazard ratio, 4.14, 95% confidence interval 2.37 to 7.24, p <0.0001). In the best overall model, presence of inducible ischemia conferred a 2.6-fold increased hazard for MACEs adjusted to known clinical risk markers (adjusted hazard ratio 2.59, 95% confidence interval 1.30 to 5.18, p = 0.0069). Patients with no inducible ischemia experienced a low rate of cardiac death and myocardial infarction (0.6% per patient-year), whereas those with inducible ischemia had an annual event rate of 3.2%. Net reclassification improvement across risk categories (low <5%, intermediate 5% to 10%, and high >10%) by CMR was 0.29 (95% confidence interval 0.15 to 0.44), and continuous net reclassification improvement was 0.58. In conclusion, in patients with clinical suspicion of myocardial ischemia, regadenoson stress CMR MPI provides robust risk stratification. CMR MPI negative for ischemia was associated with a very low annual rate of hard cardiac events. In addition, CMR MPI provides effective risk reclassification in a substantial proportion of patients.