Hemichordate genomes and deuterostome origins
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Date
2015
Author(s)
Simakov, Oleg
Kawashima, Takeshi
Marlétaz, Ferdinand
Jenkins, Jerry
Koyanagi, Ryo
Mitros, Therese
Hisata, Kanako
Bredeson, Jessen
Shoguchi, Eiichi
Gyoja, Fuki
Yue, Jia-Xing
Chen, Yi-Chih
Sasaki, Akane
Hikosaka-Katayama, Tomoe
Sato, Atsuko
Fujie, Manabu
Baughman, Kenneth W.
Levine, Judith
Gonzalez, Paul
Cameron, Christopher
Fritzenwanker, Jens H.
Pani, Ariel M.
Goto, Hiroki
Kanda, Miyuki
Arakaki, Nana
Yamasaki, Shinichi
Qu, Jiaxin
Cree, Andrew
Ding, Yan
Dinh, Huyen H.
Dugan, Shannon
Holder, Michael
Jhangiani, Shalini N.
Kovar, Christie L.
Lee, Sandra L.
Lewis, Lora R.
Morton, Donna
Nazareth, Lynne V.
Okwuonu, Geoffrey
Santibanez, Jireh
Chen, Rui
Richards, Stephen
Muzny, Donna M.
Gillis, Andrew
Wu, Michael
Humphreys, Tom
Su, Yi-Hsien
Putnam, Nicholas H.
Schmutz, Jeremy
Fujiyama, Asao
Yu, Jr-Kai
Tagawa, Kunifumi
Worley, Kim C.
Gibbs, Richard A.
Lowe, Christopher J.
Satoh, Noriyuki
Rokhsar, Daniel S.
Gerhart, John
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Citation
Simakov, O., T. Kawashima, F. Marlétaz, J. Jenkins, R. Koyanagi, T. Mitros, K. Hisata, et al. 2015. “Hemichordate genomes and deuterostome origins.” Nature 527 (7579): 459-465. doi:10.1038/nature16150. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature16150.
Abstract
Acorn worms, also known as enteropneust (literally, ‘gut-breathing’) hemichordates, are marine invertebrates that share features with echinoderms and chordates. Together, these three phyla comprise the deuterostomes. Here we report the draft genome sequences of two acorn worms, Saccoglossus kowalevskii and Ptychodera flava. By comparing them with diverse bilaterian genomes, we identify shared traits that were probably inherited from the last common deuterostome ancestor, and then explore evolutionary trajectories leading from this ancestor to hemichordates, echinoderms and chordates. The hemichordate genomes exhibit extensive conserved synteny with amphioxus and other bilaterians, and deeply conserved non-coding sequences that are candidates for conserved gene-regulatory elements. Notably, hemichordates possess a deuterostome-specific genomic cluster of four ordered transcription factor genes, the expression of which is associated with the development of pharyngeal ‘gill’ slits, the foremost morphological innovation of early deuterostomes, and is probably central to their filter-feeding lifestyle. Comparative analysis reveals numerous deuterostome-specific gene novelties, including genes found in deuterostomes and marine microbes, but not other animals. The putative functions of these genes can be linked to physiological, metabolic and developmental specializations of the filter-feeding ancestor.
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