Trajectories of Fear‐Avoidance Beliefs on Physical Activity Over Two Years in People With Rheumatoid Arthritis

Abstract

Objective: To identify and describe 2‐year trajectories of fear‐avoidance beliefs on physical activity and to identify predictors of these trajectories in people with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods: We included 2,569 persons with RA (77% women, mean age 58 years). Data on fear‐avoidance beliefs (Fear‐Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire physical activity subscale [FABQ‐PA]; range 0–24), sociodemographics, disease‐related variables, self‐efficacy, and health‐enhancing physical activity (HEPA) were collected from registers and by questionnaires at baseline, 14, and 26 months. K‐means cluster analysis was used to identify fear‐avoidance trajectories, and multinomial logistic regression was used to identify predictors of trajectory membership. Results: Three trajectories of fear‐avoidance beliefs were identified: low (n = 1,060, mean FABQ‐PA = 3), moderate (n = 1,043, mean FABQ‐PA = 9), and high (n = 466, mean FABQ‐PA = 15). Consistent predictors of being in the high fear‐avoidance trajectory versus the other 2 trajectories were high activity limitation, male sex, income below average, not performing current HEPA, and elevated anxiety/depression. In addition, less consistent predictors such as shorter education, more pain, and low exercise self‐efficacy were also identified. Conclusion: Stable trajectories of fear‐avoidance beliefs on physical activity exist among people with RA. Fear‐avoidance may be targeted more effectively by tailoring physical activity promotion to vulnerable socioeconomic groups, men, and those with high activity limitation and anxiety/depression.