National Cohort Study of Preoperative Bacteriuria, Surgical Prophylaxis, and Postoperative Outcomes

Abstract

Abstract Background: Despite recommendations against screening urine for bacteriuria prior to non-urological surgery, it is still a common practice. If the urine culture (Ucx) is positive, clinicians often feel compelled to give targeted therapy or expand the peri-operative prophylaxis (PPX) regimen to cover the urinary organism. Large multicenter studies are lacking. We aimed to evaluate rates and results of preoperative urine screening and postoperative outcomes among a national cohort of surgical patients. Methods: All patients who underwent cardiac, orthopedic implant, or vascular surgery within the national VA health care system during the period from 10/1/08–9/30/13 and had the PPX regimen manually validated were included. Rates of positive Ucx and wound cultures during the 90-day post-operative period were compared between patients with and without pre-operative bacteriuria. Among patients with a positive pre-op urine culture the association between activity of surgical PPX and positive post-op cultures was evaluated. Results: N = 78,810 surgeries were evaluated (21,889 cardiac, 46,565 orthopedic implant, 10,356 vascular). A pre-op Ucx was performed in 26% (Fig); of these, 6.6% were positive and 852 (63%) received PPX active against the uropathogen. Positive pre-op Ucx was associated with higher rates of positive post-op Ucx and wound cultures (Fig). Among patients who received active PPX, post-op Ucx was positive in 46% compared with 39% who received inactive PPX. The rate of post-op wound cultures was not different between patients who received active (25%) vs. inactive (24%) PPX. The pre-op and post-op organisms were the same in 117/221 (52.9%) Ucx and 17/104 (16.3%) wound cultures, respectively. PPX activity did not affect the match rate. Conclusion: This is the largest, multicenter study demonstrating no difference in post-op urine and wound cultures in patients receiving active vs. inactive surgical PPX for pre-op bacteriuria. Prevalence of bacteriuria was similar to other surgical populations. Limitations include predominantly male population and need for further characterization of pre-op antibiotic therapy and UTI and SSI outcomes. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.