Oman, Iran, and the United States: An Analysis of Omani Foreign Policy and Its Role as an Intermediary

Abstract

In a world where power is equivalent to water for the thirsty, foreign policy plays a key role in every country’s strength. Today, the Middle East is a battleground for several struggles for power, with civil unrest, sectarian divisions, and proxy wars found throughout the region. In this volatile area, foreign policy has the potential to protect a country from regional political vulnerability. But for such policy to work best, internal affairs must be prepared in order to serve well. One country that has succeeded notably in maintaining a balanced foreign policy, even amid complex regional situations, is the Sultanate of Oman. This thesis analyzes Oman’s foreign policy under the reign of Sultan Qaboos. It examines Oman’s positions on regional events that led to creating Oman’s favorable reputation for dealing with and mediating between sides, most notably between Iran and the United States. My research determined that Oman takes a pragmatic approach to issues, which has resulted in a foreign policy of non-intervention and non-interference in the internal affairs of other nations, while working to bring a viable solution to each issue for which Oman is requested to participate. The thesis begins with a historic overview of Oman that provides a basic understanding of the factors contributing to Omani foreign policy. Oman’s decisions on regional issues are analyzed in the light of its pragmatism in foreign policy decisions. My goal is to determine how and why Oman is trusted to take the role of intermediary, with a special focus on its role between Iran and the United States.