The Health Impacts of Domestic Labor on Women Workers in Massachusetts

Abstract

Purpose: Domestic workers, including housekeepers, nannies, and home health aides, are some of the most critical caregivers in the United States, but are also among the most marginalized workers. National studies suggest that domestic workers face health challenges related to their lack of legal protections. However, since many policies that affect working conditions are enacted and implemented at the state level, it is important to examine health needs state-by-state as well. Methods: This study used a modified community-based participatory action research (CBPAR) approach to characterize the health and well-being of domestic workers in a large metropolitan area of Massachusetts. Focus groups and key informant interviews were conducted between July 2013 through July 2014 with 32 domestic workers from diverse language and racial/ethnic backgrounds, and three employers. The data was analyzed through a qualitative inductive content analysis approach. Results: The analysis revealed four main themes: (1) Physical challenges of domestic work, (2) social vulnerability of workers, (3) the role of workers’ rights advocacy, and (4) employers as potential allies for change. Conclusions: The results suggest that domestic workers in Massachusetts face multiple health risks and could benefit from changes in the workplace and policy. Additional research is needed to examine the health of workers over time and to further characterize the role of employers.