Angelic Introductions: The Utilization of Angels in the Epistle to the Hebrews

Abstract

A primary objective for the epistle to the Hebrews is to encourage the persecuted audience to persevere. The message of perseverance begins with a comparison between Jesus and the angels; and throughout the first two chapters of Hebrews angels are mentioned multiple times. This thesis suggests the frequency of angelic mentions in the introductory chapters of Hebrews utilizes the angels to introduce foundational themes discussed throughout the remainder of Hebrews. This claim is supported by first analyzing the utilization of angels in other New Testament epistles by separating the verses that mention angels into the following four categories: angels utilized to describe humanity’s relationship with God; angels utilized to elevate Christ and his message; angels utilized to promote peaceful human relations; and angels utilized to provide messages of warning. This categorical examination demonstrates there are similarities between the New Testament epistles and Hebrews based on genre, but ultimately notes the differences in the utilization of angels between the epistles and Hebrews. Secondly, a description on the occasion, literary structure, and rhetorical nature of Hebrews is provided in order to discuss the introductory nature of angels in regard to major themes in Hebrews. Thirdly, the verses that mention angels in Hebrews are analyzed to demonstrate the connection of angels to introducing major themes in Hebrews. This examination separates the verses that mention angels into three categories: angels utilized to introduce Christ; angels utilized to encourage humanity; and angels utilized to point towards the future. The analyzation of angels within these categories demonstrate angels are utilized in Hebrews to introduce major theological topics that are discussed throughout the epistle.