Development of a Neurosurgical Implant Using a Tissue Engineering Scaffold and Cribriform Plate Prosthesis to Restore Neural Connections in Patients With Post-Traumatic Anosmia and Post- Traumatic Ageusia

Abstract

Different approaches for developing a neurosurgical implant using a tissue engineering scaffold and cribriform plate prosthesis for the purpose of treating patients with post-traumatic anosmia and post-traumatic ageusia were investigated. Preclinical study designs were developed that include two in vitro phases and two in vivo phases. Three unique cellular approaches to restoring the neural network were developed. The three different sources of cells are as follows: the (CD133+,CD24-) neural stem ependymal cells, the globose basal stem cells, and the olfactory ensheathing cells. Two levels of microscale considerations were developed for the purpose of achieving optimal vascular perfusion and nerve growth and development. Additionally, two different biomaterials were investigated for 3D printing the prosthesis along with the tissue engineered scaffold. The in vivo experimental designs include two phases: rats (Albino Wistar) and monkeys (Macaca Mulatta). The controlled cortical impact injury technique was chosen for both animal models to consistently replicate the trauma that causes post-traumatic anosmia and post-traumatic ageusia. Collectively these experimental phases should provide sufficient data to determine the effectiveness of this approach for restoring the senses of taste and smell in patients for use in future clinical trials.