Public Theology and the Korean War: Reinhold Niebuhr Revisited through Ham Seok-heon

Abstract

To explore a proper space for a public Christian theology of peace and reconciliation across the U.S. and the two Koreas, this thesis juxtaposes two towering theologians of the 20th century on the fulcrum of the Korean War. The first chapter compares how Reinhold Niebuhr and Ham Seok-heon responded journalistically to the Korean War during and after the war years. The second chapter contrasts their conceptions of national histories in their two major books. The conclusion highlights their divergence to illustrate how theology from the margins can inform and rectify theology at the heart of empire, and reflect on another contemporary Christian who strived for peace in Korea. The impetus for this thesis stems from Niebuhr’s shortcomings on racial and ideological fronts. Niebuhr was astute about the necessity of intervention in World War II, but he could not empathize with the war-torn wastelands nor could he adapt adroitly to the complexities of a new world order. From the paradoxical position of both a beneficiary and a victim of American firepower, Ham can help enrich Niebuhrian ethics for a more judicious exercise of our power. This project aims to contribute to the reckoning of American violence in Asia, in hopes that the ghosts of the war-dead can rest in peace with the solace that we will do our utmost to preempt unjust wars.