Ancient mitochondrial DNA provides high-resolution time scale of the peopling of the Americas
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Llamas, Bastien
Fehren-Schmitz, Lars
Valverde, Guido
Soubrier, Julien
Nordenfelt, Susanne
Valdiosera, Cristina
Richards, Stephen M.
Rohrlach, Adam
Romero, Maria Inés Barreto
Espinoza, Isabel Flores
Cagigao, Elsa Tomasto
Jiménez, Lucía Watson
Makowski, Krzysztof
Reyna, Ilán Santiago Leboreiro
Lory, Josefina Mansilla
Torrez, Julio Alejandro Ballivián
Rivera, Mario A.
Burger, Richard L.
Ceruti, Maria Constanza
Reinhard, Johan
Wells, R. Spencer
Politis, Gustavo
Santoro, Calogero M.
Standen, Vivien G.
Smith, Colin
Ho, Simon Y. W.
Cooper, Alan
Haak, Wolfgang
Note: Order does not necessarily reflect citation order of authors.
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https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1501385Metadata
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Llamas, B., L. Fehren-Schmitz, G. Valverde, J. Soubrier, S. Mallick, N. Rohland, S. Nordenfelt, et al. 2016. “Ancient mitochondrial DNA provides high-resolution time scale of the peopling of the Americas.” Science Advances 2 (4): e1501385. doi:10.1126/sciadv.1501385. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1501385.Abstract
The exact timing, route, and process of the initial peopling of the Americas remains uncertain despite much research. Archaeological evidence indicates the presence of humans as far as southern Chile by 14.6 thousand years ago (ka), shortly after the Pleistocene ice sheets blocking access from eastern Beringia began to retreat. Genetic estimates of the timing and route of entry have been constrained by the lack of suitable calibration points and low genetic diversity of Native Americans. We sequenced 92 whole mitochondrial genomes from pre-Columbian South American skeletons dating from 8.6 to 0.5 ka, allowing a detailed, temporally calibrated reconstruction of the peopling of the Americas in a Bayesian coalescent analysis. The data suggest that a small population entered the Americas via a coastal route around 16.0 ka, following previous isolation in eastern Beringia for ~2.4 to 9 thousand years after separation from eastern Siberian populations. Following a rapid movement throughout the Americas, limited gene flow in South America resulted in a marked phylogeographic structure of populations, which persisted through time. All of the ancient mitochondrial lineages detected in this study were absent from modern data sets, suggesting a high extinction rate. To investigate this further, we applied a novel principal components multiple logistic regression test to Bayesian serial coalescent simulations. The analysis supported a scenario in which European colonization caused a substantial loss of pre-Columbian lineages.Other Sources
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4820370/pdf/Terms of Use
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