Browsing Harvard Medical School by Title
Now showing items 1957-1976 of 18442
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Breast cancer risk assessment: How risk models can “overdiagnose” risk.
(American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), 2013)Background: Overdiagnosis is commonly defined as a diagnosis of "disease" which will never cause symptoms or death during a patient's lifetime. Similarly, overdiagnosis can also happen when individuals are given the diagnosis ... -
Breast cancer screening in an era of personalized regimens: A conceptual model and National Cancer Institute initiative for risk-based and preference-based approaches at a population level
(Wiley-Blackwell, 2014)Breast cancer screening holds a prominent place in public health, health care delivery, policy, and women's health care decisions. Several factors are driving shifts in how population-based breast cancer screening is ... -
Breast cancer screening in the era of density notification legislation: summary of 2014 Massachusetts experience and suggestion of an evidence-based management algorithm by multi-disciplinary expert panel
(Springer Science + Business Media, 2015)Purpose: Stemming from breast density notification legislation in Massachusetts effective 2015, we sought to develop a collaborative evidence-based approach to density notification that could be used by practitioners across ... -
Breast cancer susceptibility alleles and ovarian cancer risk in 2 study populations
(Wiley-Blackwell, 2009)Recent genome-wide scans identified several novel breast cancer risk alleles, including variants of the FGFR2, MAP3K1, and LSP1 genes, and a study of associations between these alleles and characteristics of breast cancer ... -
Breast-feeding the last born child and risk of ovarian cancer
(Springer Science + Business Media, 2009)Conflicting reports regarding the relationship between breast-feeding and ovarian cancer risk suggest a possible influence of patterns of breast-feeding. We used logistic regression to examine breast-feeding in a large ... -
The Breathe Easier through Weight Loss Lifestyle (BE WELL) intervention: a randomized controlled trial
(BioMed Central, 2010)Background: Obesity and asthma have reached epidemic proportions in the US. Their concurrent rise over the last 30 years suggests that they may be connected. Numerous observational studies support a temporally-correct, ... -
Bridging the gap - planning Lifestyle Medicine fellowship curricula: A cross sectional study
(BioMed Central, 2014)Background: The emerging field, Lifestyle Medicine (LM), is the evidence-based practice of assisting individuals and families to adopt and sustain behaviors that can improve health. While competencies for LM education have ... -
Bridging the Gap Between Sorafinib Efficacy and Effectiveness in Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma
(AlphaMed Press, 2016)In this editorial, the generalizability of trial results to the geriatric population is discussed. Specifically, the results from a recent observational study are compared with results from the SHARP trial, and recommendations ... -
Brief inhalation of nitric oxide increases resuscitation success and improves 7-day-survival after cardiac arrest in rats: a randomized controlled animal study
(BioMed Central, 2015)Introduction: Inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) improves outcomes when given post systemic ischemia/reperfusion injury. iNO given during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) may therefore improve return of spontaneous circulation ... -
Brief Parenteral Nutrition Accelerates Weight Gain, Head Growth Even in Healthy VLBWs
(Public Library of Science, 2014)Introduction: Whether parenteral nutrition benefits growth of very low birth weight (VLBW) preterm infants in the setting of rapid enteral feeding advancement is unclear. Our aim was to examine this issue using data from ... -
A Brief Perspective on the Early History of American Infectious Disease Epidemiology
(Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine, 1987)The early history of epidemiology is closely linked to the history of infectious diseases and can be divided into three distinct periods. The earliest period, which can be traced to the writings of Hippocrates in the third ... -
Brief Report: Identification of BACH2 and RAD51B as Rheumatoid Arthritis Susceptibility Loci in a Meta-Analysis of Genome-Wide Data
(BlackWell Publishing Ltd, 2013)Objective: A recent high-density fine-mapping (ImmunoChip) study of genetic associations in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) identified 14 risk loci with validated genome-wide significance, as well as a number of loci showing ... -
Brief Report: Question-Asking and Collateral Language Acquisition in Children with Autism
(Springer Verlag, 2010)The literature suggests children with autism use communication primarily for requests and protests, and almost never for information-seeking. This study investigated whether teaching “Where” questions using intrinsic ... -
Brief Report: Relationship Among Viral Load Outcomes in HIV Treatment Interruption Trials
(JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 2016)Abstract: Viral load (VL) rebound timing and set point were analyzed in 235 participants undergoing analytic treatment interruption (ATI) in 6 AIDS Clinical Trials Group studies. There was no significant association between ... -
A brief review of exercise, bipolar disorder, and mechanistic pathways
(Frontiers Media S.A., 2015)Despite evidence that exercise has been found to be effective in the treatment of depression, it is unclear whether these data can be extrapolated to bipolar disorder. Available evidence for bipolar disorder is scant, with ... -
Brief Review: Sleep Health and Safety for Transportation Workers
(Arizona Thoracic Society, 2015)Accidents related to sleepiness related fatigue are an important concern in transportation related industries. This brief review outlines the public safety concerns with sleepiness related fatigue in the railroad, aviation ... -
Brief Surgical Procedure Code Lists for Outcomes Measurement and Quality Improvement in Resource-Limited Settings
(2016-05-17)Conditions amenable to surgery represent a significant portion of the burden of disease worldwide, accounting for 10% of deaths and 14% of disability-adjusted life years lost. Today, however, over five billion people ... -
A Brief Targeted Review of Susceptibility Factors, Environmental Exposures, Asthma Incidence, and Recommendations for Future Asthma Incidence Research
(National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 2006)Relative to research on effects of environmental exposures on exacerbation of existing asthma, little research on incident asthma and environmental exposures has been conducted. However, this research is needed to better ... -
Brief Trust/Mistrust in God Scale: psychometric properties of the Farsi version in Muslims
(Informa UK Limited, 2013)In Iran, a Middle Eastern Islamic country, far too little attention has been paid to the validation and cultural adaptation of measures of religion/spirituality. This has limited the potential for research in this area. ... -
The Bright Side and Dark Side of Workplace Social Capital: Opposing Effects of Gender on Overweight among Japanese Employees
(Public Library of Science, 2014)Background: A growing number of studies have sought to examine the health associations of workplace social capital; however, evidence of associations with overweight is sparse. We examined the association between individual ...