Browsing Harvard Medical School by Title

Now showing items 411-430 of 18448

    • Adherence to physical activity guidelines in older adults, using objectively measured physical activity in a population-based study 

      Jefferis, Barbara J; Sartini, Claudio; Lee, I-Min; Choi, Minkyoung; Amuzu, Antoinette; Gutierrez, Christina; Casas, Juan Pablo; Ash, Sarah; Lennnon, Lucy T; Wannamethee, S Goya; Whincup, Peter H (BioMed Central, 2014)
      Background: Physical activity (PA) levels in older adults decline with age. The prevalence and correlates of adherence to current UK PA guidelines in older adults has not been studied using objectively measured PA, which ...

    • Adherence to Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis for HIV Prevention in a Clinical Setting 

      Montgomery, Madeline C.; Oldenburg, Catherine E.; Nunn, Amy S.; Mena, Leandro; Anderson, Peter; Liegler, Teri; Mayer, Kenneth H.; Patel, Rupa; Almonte, Alexi; Chan, Philip A. (Public Library of Science, 2016)
      Background: The HIV epidemic in the United States (US) disproportionately affects gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (MSM). Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) using co-formulated tenofovir disoproxil fumarate ...

    • Adherence to the Mediterranean dietary pattern and BMI change among U.S. adolescents 

      Martin-Calvo, Nerea; Chavarro, Jorge E.; Falbe, Jennifer; Hu, Frank B.; Field, Alison E. (2016)
      Background: Among adults, the Mediterranean dietary pattern (MDP) is inversely related to body mass index (BMI). Data are lacking on adherence to the MDP among youth in the United States and whether the MDP is related to ...

    • The adhesion G protein-coupled receptor GPR56 is a cell-autonomous regulator of oligodendrocyte development 

      Giera, Stefanie; Deng, Yiyu; Luo, Rong; Ackerman, Sarah D.; Mogha, Amit; Monk, Kelly R.; Ying, Yanqin; Jeong, Sung-Jin; Makinodan, Manabu; Bialas, Allison R.; Chang, Bernard S.; Stevens, Beth; Corfas, Gabriel; Piao, Xianhua (Nature Pub. Group, 2015)
      Mutations in GPR56, a member of the adhesion G protein-coupled receptor family, cause a human brain malformation called bilateral frontoparietal polymicrogyria (BFPP). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of BFPP brains reveals ...

    • The adhesion GPCR Gpr56 regulates oligodendrocyte development via interactions with Gα12/13 and RhoA 

      Ackerman, Sarah D.; Garcia, Cynthia; Piao, Xianhua; Gutmann, David H.; Monk, Kelly R. (2014)
      In the vertebrate central nervous system, myelinating oligodendrocytes are postmitotic and derive from proliferative oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs). The molecular mechanisms that govern oligodendrocyte development ...

    • Adipokine Hormones and Hand Osteoarthritis: Radiographic Severity and Pain 

      Massengale, Mei; Lu, Bing; Pan, John Jun-Hao; Katz, Jeffrey Neil; Solomon, Daniel Hal (Public Library of Science, 2012)
      Introduction: Obesity's association with hand osteoarthritis cannot be fully explained by mechanical loading. We examined the relationship between adipokines and radiographic hand osteoarthritis severity and pain. Methods: ...

    • Adiponectin Deficiency Increases Allergic Airway Inflammation and Pulmonary Vascular Remodeling 

      Medoff, Benjamin D.; Okamoto, Yoshihisa; Leyton, Patricio; Weng, Meiqian; Sandall, Barry P.; Raher, Michael J.; Kihara, Shinji; Bloch, Kenneth Daniel; Libby, Peter; Luster, Andrew David (American Thoracic Society, 2009)
      Obesity is associated with an increased incidence and severity of asthma, as well as other lung disorders, such as pulmonary hypertension. Adiponectin (APN), an antiinflammatory adipocytokine, circulates at lower levels ...

    • Adiponectin Gene Polymorphisms and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Susceptibility and Mortality 

      Ahasic, Amy M.; Zhao, Yang; Su, Li; Sheu, Chau-Chyun; Thompson, B. Taylor; Christiani, David C. (Public Library of Science, 2014)
      Rationale: Adiponectin is an anti-inflammatory adipokine that is the most abundant gene product of adipose tissue. Lower levels have been observed in obesity, insulin resistance, and in critical illness. However, elevated ...

    • Adiponectin inhibits macrophage tissue factor, a key trigger of thrombosis in disrupted atherosclerotic plaques 

      Okamoto, Yoshihisa; Ishii, So; Croce, Kevin James; Katsumata, Harumi; Fukushima, Makoto; Kihara, Shinji; Libby, Peter; Minami, Shiro (Elsevier BV, 2013)
      Objective Adiponectin (APN) is an adipocytokine with anti-atherogenic and anti-inflammatory properties. Hypoadiponectinemia may associate with increased risk for coronary artery disease (CAD) and acute coronary syndrome ...

    • Adiponectin potentiates the acute effects of leptin in arcuate Pomc neurons 

      Sun, Jia; Gao, Yong; Yao, Ting; Huang, Yiru; He, Zhenyan; Kong, Xingxing; Yu, Kai-jiang; Wang, Rui-tao; Guo, Hongbo; Yan, Jianqun; Chang, Yongsheng; Chen, Hong; Scherer, Philipp E.; Liu, Tiemin; Williams, Kevin W. (Elsevier, 2016)
      Objective: Adiponectin receptors (AdipoRs) are located on neurons of the hypothalamus involved in metabolic regulation – including arcuate proopiomelanocortin (Pomc) and Neuropeptide Y/Agouti-related peptide (NPY/AgRP) ...

    • AdipoQ Is a Novel Adipose-specific Gene Dysregulated in Obesity 

      Hu, Erding; Liang, Peng; Spiegelman, Bruce M. (American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1996)
      Adipose differentiation is accompanied by changes in cellular morphology, a dramatic accumulation of intracellular lipid and activation of a specific program of gene expression, Using an mRNA differential display technique, ...

    • Adiporedoxin, an upstream regulator of ER oxidative folding and protein secretion in adipocytes 

      Jedrychowski, Mark P.; Liu, Libin; Laflamme, Collette J.; Karastergiou, Kalypso; Meshulam, Tova; Ding, Shi-Ying; Wu, Yuanyuan; Lee, Mi-Jeong; Gygi, Steven P.; Fried, Susan K.; Pilch, Paul F. (Elsevier, 2015)
      Objective: Adipocytes are robust protein secretors, most notably of adipokines, hormone-like polypeptides, which act in an endocrine and paracrine fashion to affect numerous physiological processes such as energy balance ...

    • Adipose Tissue Depots and Their Cross‐Sectional Associations With Circulating Biomarkers of Metabolic Regulation 

      Lee, Jane J.; Britton, Kathryn A.; Pedley, Alison; Massaro, Joseph M.; Speliotes, Elizabeth K.; Murabito, Joanne M.; Hoffmann, Udo; Ingram, Cheryl; Keaney, John F.; Vasan, Ramachandran S.; Fox, Caroline S. (John Wiley and Sons Inc., 2016)
      Background: Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and fatty liver differ in their associations with cardiovascular risk compared with subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT). Several biomarkers have been linked to metabolic derangements ...

    • Adipose Tissue Dysregulation and Reduced Insulin Sensitivity in Non-Obese Individuals with Enlarged Abdominal Adipose Cells 

      Hammarstedt, Ann; Graham, Timothy E; Kahn, Barbara (BioMed Central, 2012)
      Background: Obesity contributes to Type 2 diabetes by promoting systemic insulin resistance. Obesity causes features of metabolic dysfunction in the adipose tissue that may contribute to later impairments of insulin action ...

    • Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Increase Skin Allograft Survival and Inhibit Th-17 Immune Response 

      Larocca, Rafael Assumpção; Moraes-Vieira, Pedro Manoel; Bassi, Ênio José; Semedo, Patrícia; de Almeida, Danilo Candido; da Silva, Marina Burgos; Thornley, Thomas; Pacheco-Silva, Alvaro; Câmara, Niels Olsen Saraiva (Public Library of Science, 2013)
      Adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSC) exhibit immunosuppressive capabilities both in vitro and in vivo. Their use for therapy in the transplant field is attractive as they could render the use of immunosuppressive ...

    • Adipose-derived circulating miRNAs regulate gene expression in other tissues 

      Thomou, Thomas; Mori, Marcelo A.; Dreyfuss, Jonathan; Konishi, Masahiro; Sakaguchi, Masaji; Wolfrum, Christian; Rao, Tata Nageswara; Winnay, Jonathon N.; Garcia-Martin, Ruben; Grinspoon, Steven; Gorden, Phillip; Kahn, C. (Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2017-02-23)
      Adipose tissue is a major site of energy storage and plays a role in regulation of metabolism through release of adipokines. Here we show that mice with a fat-specific knockout of the miRNA-processing enzyme Dicer (ADicerKO), ...

    • Adipose-derived stem cells weigh in as novel therapeutics for acute lung injury 

      Gupta, Kushagra; Hergrueter, Anja; Owen, Caroline A (BioMed Central, 2013)
      Acute lung injury is characterized by intense neutrophilic lung inflammation and increased alveolar-capillary barrier permeability leading to severe hypoxemia, and is associated with high mortality despite improvements in ...

    • Adjunctive Atypical Antipsychotic Treatment for Major Depressive Disorder: A Meta-Analysis of Depression, Quality of Life, and Safety Outcomes 

      Spielmans, Glen I.; Berman, Margit I.; Linardatos, Eftihia; Rosenlicht, Nicholas Z.; Perry, Angela; Tsai, Alexander Chung-Yu (Public Library of Science, 2013)
      Background: Atypical antipsychotic medications are widely prescribed for the adjunctive treatment of depression, yet their total risk–benefit profile is not well understood. We thus conducted a systematic review of the ...

    • An Adjustable Gas-Mixing Device to Increase Feasibility of In Vitro Culture of Plasmodium falciparum Parasites in the Field 

      Bei, Amy K.; Patel, Saurabh D.; Volkman, Sarah K.; Ahouidi, Ambroise D.; Ndiaye, Daouda; Mboup, Souleymane; Wirth, Dyann F. (Public Library of Science, 2014)
      A challenge to conducting high-impact and reproducible studies of the mechanisms of P. falciparum drug resistance, invasion, virulence, and immunity is the lack of robust and sustainable in vitro culture in the field. While ...

    • Adjusting heterogeneous ascertainment bias for genetic association analysis with extended families 

      Park, Suyeon; Lee, Sungyoung; Lee, Young; Herold, Christine; Hooli, Basavaraj; Mullin, Kristina; Park, Taesung; Park, Changsoon; Bertram, Lars; Lange, Christoph; Tanzi, Rudolph; Won, Sungho (BioMed Central, 2015)
      Background: In family-based association analysis, each family is typically ascertained from a single proband, which renders the effects of ascertainment bias heterogeneous among family members. This is contrary to case–control ...