Browsing Harvard Medical School by Keyword "endocrinology"

Now showing items 1-15 of 15

    • African Ancestry and Its Correlation to Type 2 Diabetes in African Americans: A Genetic Admixture Analysis in Three U.S. Population Cohorts 

      Cheng, Ching-Yu; Haiman, Christopher A.; Patterson, Nick; Elizabeth, Selvin; Akylbekova, Ermeg L.; Brancati, Frederick L.; Coresh, Josef; Boerwinkle, Eric; Taylor, Herman A.; Henderson, Brian E.; Wilson, James G.; Reich, David Emil; Tandon, Arti; Altshuler, David Matthew; Kao, W. H. Linda (Public Library of Science, 2012)
      The risk of type 2 diabetes is approximately 2-fold higher in African Americans than in European Americans even after adjusting for known environmental risk factors, including socioeconomic status (SES), suggesting that ...

    • Amerind Ancestry, Socioeconomic Status and the Genetics of Type 2 Diabetes in a Colombian Population 

      Campbell, Desmond D.; Parra, Maria V.; Duque, Constanza; Gallego, Natalia; Franco, Liliana; Hünemeier, Tábita; Bortolini, Cátira; Villegas, Alberto; Bedoya, Gabriel; McCarthy, Mark I.; Ruiz-Linares, Andrés; Tandon, Arti; Price, Alkes; Reich, David Emil (Public Library of Science, 2012)
      The “thrifty genotype” hypothesis proposes that the high prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in Native Americans and admixed Latin Americans has a genetic basis and reflects an evolutionary adaptation to a past low ...

    • Amplitude Reduction and Phase Shifts of Melatonin, Cortisol and Other Circadian Rhythms after a Gradual Advance of Sleep and Light Exposure in Humans 

      Dijk, Derk-Jan; Duffy, Jeanne Frances; Silva, Edward J.; Shanahan, Theresa L.; Boivin, Diane B.; Czeisler, Charles Andrew (Public Library of Science, 2012)
      Background: The phase and amplitude of rhythms in physiology and behavior are generated by circadian oscillators and entrained to the 24-h day by exposure to the light-dark cycle and feedback from the sleep-wake cycle. The ...

    • Designed Inhibitors of Insulin-Degrading Enzyme Regulate the Catabolism and Activity of Insulin 

      Leissring, Malcolm A.; Malito, Enrico; Hedouin, Sabrine; Reinstatler, Lael; Sahara, Tomoko; Abdul-Hay, Samer O.; Choudhry, Shakeel; Maharvi, Ghulam M.; Fauq, Abdul H.; Huzarska, Malwina; May, Philip S.; Logan, Todd P.; Turk, Benjamin E.; Manolopoulou, Marika; Tang, Wei-Jen; Stein, Ross L.; Choi, Sungwoon; Cantley, Lewis C.; Cuny, Gregory Douglas; Selkoe, Dennis J. (Public Library of Science, 2010)
      Background: Insulin is a vital peptide hormone that is a central regulator of glucose homeostasis, and impairments in insulin signaling cause diabetes mellitus. In principle, it should be possible to enhance the activity ...

    • Eight Common Genetic Variants Associated with Serum DHEAS Levels Suggest a Key Role in Ageing Mechanisms 

      Zhai, Guangju; Teumer, Alexander; Stolk, Lisette; Vandenput, Liesbeth; Coviello, Andrea D.; Koster, Annemarie; Bell, Jordana T.; Bhasin, Shalender; Eriksson, Joel; Eriksson, Anna; Ernst, Florian; Ferrucci, Luigi; Frayling, Timothy M.; Grundberg, Elin; Haring, Robin; Kroemer, Heyo K.; Liu, Yongmei; Lunetta, Kathryn L.; Maggio, Marcello; Lorentzon, Mattias; Mangino, Massimo; Melzer, David; Miljkovic, Iva; Nica, Alexandra; Penninx, Brenda W. J. H.; Vasan, Ramachandran S.; Rivadeneira, Fernando; Small, Kerrin S.; Soranzo, Nicole; Xi, Li; Zhuang, Wei Vivian; Harris, Tamara B.; Murabito, Joanne M.; Ohlsson, Claes; Murray, Anna; de Jong, Frank H.; Spector, Tim D.; Wallaschofski, Henri; Perry, John; Wilson, Scott G.; Glass, Daniel; Hofman, Albert; Kiel, Douglas P.; Hedman, Asa K.; Uitterlinden, Andre G.; Volzke, Henry (Public Library of Science, 2011)
      Dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS) is the most abundant circulating steroid secreted by adrenal glands, yet its function is unknown. Its serum concentration declines significantly with increasing age, which has led ...

    • Genetic Deficiency of Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3β Corrects Diabetes in Mouse Models of Insulin Resistance 

      Tanabe, Katsuya; Liu, Zhonghao; Patel, Satish; Doble, Bradley W; Cras-Méneur, Corentin; Martinez, Sara C; Welling, Cris M; Bernal-Mizrachi, Ernesto; Woodgett, James R; Permutt, M. Alan; Li, Lin; White, Morris Francis (Public Library of Science, 2008)
      Despite treatment with agents that enhance β-cell function and insulin action, reduction in β-cell mass is relentless in patients with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Insulin resistance is characterized ...

    • Genetic Determinants for Body Iron Store and Type 2 Diabetes Risk in US Men and Women 

      He, Meian; Workalemahu, Tsegaselassie; Manson, JoAnn Elisabeth; Hu, Frank B.; Qi, Lu (Public Library of Science, 2012)
      Background: High body iron store has been associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D); it remains unknown whether the genetic variants related to body iron status affect T2D risk. We aimed at comprehensively ...

    • Genetic evidence of serum phosphate-independent functions of FGF-23 on bone 

      Sitara, Despina; Kim, Somi; Razzaque, Mohammed Shawkat; Bergwitz, Clemens; Taguchi, Takashi; Schüler, Christiane; Erben, Reinhold G.; Lanske, Beate Klara Maria (Public Library of Science, 2008)
      Maintenance of physiologic phosphate balance is of crucial biological importance, as it is fundamental to cellular function, energy metabolism, and skeletal mineralization. Fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF-23) is a master ...

    • Genome-Wide Association Analysis Identifies Variants Associated with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease That Have Distinct Effects on Metabolic Traits 

      Speliotes, Elizabeth K.; Yerges-Armstrong, Laura M.; Hernaez, Ruben; Gudnason, Vilmundur; Eiriksdottir, Gudny; Garcia, Melissa E.; Launer, Lenore J.; Nalls, Michael A.; Clark, Jeanne M.; Mitchell, Braxton D.; Shuldiner, Alan R.; Butler, Johannah L.; Tomas, Marta; Hwang, Shih-Jen; Massaro, Joseph M.; Salomaa, Veikko; Schadt, Eric E.; Schwartz, Stephen M.; Siscovick, David S.; Voight, Benjamin F.; Feitosa, Mary F.; Harris, Tamara B.; Smith, Albert V.; Borecki, Ingrid B.; Wu, Jun; Kim, Lauren J.; Palmer, Cameron D.; Hoffmann, Udo; Sahani, Dushyant V.; Carr, J. Jeffrey; Fox, Caroline; Kao, W. H. Linda; Hirschhorn, Joel Naom; O'Donnell, Christopher Joseph; NASH CRN; GIANT Consortium; MAGIC Investigators (Public Library of Science, 2011)
      Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) clusters in families, but the only known common genetic variants influencing risk are near PNPLA3. We sought to identify additional genetic variants influencing NAFLD using genome-wide ...

    • Insulin-Like Growth Factors Promote Vasculogenesis in Embryonic Stem Cells 

      Piecewicz, Stephanie M.; Pandey, Ambarish; Roy, Bhaskar; Hua Xiang, Soh; Zetter, Bruce Robert; Sengupta, Shiladitya (Public Library of Science, 2012)
      The ability of embryonic stem cells to differentiate into endothelium and form functional blood vessels has been well established and can potentially be harnessed for therapeutic angiogenesis. However, after almost two ...

    • Interactions between Plasma Levels of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D, Insulin-Like Growth Factor (IGF)-1 and C-Peptide with Risk of Colorectal Cancer 

      Wu, Kana; Feskanich, Diane; Fuchs, Charles Stewart; Chan, Andrew Tan; Willett, Walter C.; Hollis, Bruce W.; Pollak, Michael N.; Giovannucci, Edward L. (Public Library of Science, 2011)
      Background: Vitamin D status and levels of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 and C-peptide have been implicated in colorectal carcinogenesis. However, in contrast to vitamin D IGF-1 is not an easily modifiable risk factor. ...

    • Plasma Heme Oxygenase-1 Concentration is Elevated in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus 

      Song, Fangfang; Li, Xiangyang; Rong, Shuang; Zhang, Muxun; Yao, Ping; Hao, Liping; Yang, Nianhong; Liu, Liegang; Bao, Wei; Yang, Wei; Hu, Frank B. (Public Library of Science, 2010)
      Background: Circulating concentrations of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) have been recently reported to be elevated in several chronic disorders. However, no study has ever examined the association between circulating HO-1 ...

    • Proteomics Reveals Novel Oxidative and Glycolytic Mechanisms in Type 1 Diabetic Patients' Skin Which Are Normalized by Kidney-Pancreas Transplantation 

      Folli, Franco; Guzzi, Valeria; Perego, Lucia; Coletta, Dawn K.; Finzi, Giovanna; Placidi, Claudia; La Rosa, Stefano; Capella, Carlo; Socci, Carlo; Lauro, Davide; Tripathy, Devjit; Jenkinson, Christopher; Paroni, Rita; Orsenigo, Elena; Cighetti, Giuliana; Gregorini, Luisa; Staudacher, Carlo; Secchi, Antonio; Bachi, Angela; Brownlee, Michael; Fiorina, Paolo (Public Library of Science, 2010)
      Background: In type 1 diabetes (T1D) vascular complications such as accelerated atherosclerosis and diffused macro-/microangiopathy are linked to chronic hyperglycemia with a mechanism that is not yet well understood. ...

    • Two Membrane-Associated Tyrosine Phosphatase Homologs Potentiate C. elegans AKT-1/PKB Signaling 

      Hu, Patrick J; Xu, Jinling; Ruvkun, Gary B. (Public Library of Science, 2006)
      Akt/protein kinase B (PKB) functions in conserved signaling cascades that regulate growth and metabolism. In humans, Akt/PKB is dysregulated in diabetes and cancer; in Caenorhabditis elegans, Akt/PKB functions in an ...

    • TXNIP Regulates Peripheral Glucose Metabolism in Humans 

      Parikh, Hemang; Carlsson, Emma; Johansson, Lovisa E; Storgaard, Heidi; Poulsen, Pernille; Ladd, Christine; Schulze, P. Christian; Mazzini, Michael J; Jensen, Christine Bjørn; Krook, Anna; Björnholm, Marie; Tornqvist, Hans; Zierath, Juleen R; Ridderstråle, Martin; Vaag, Allan; Groop, Leif C; Chutkow, William Alexander; Saxena, Richa; Altshuler, David Matthew; Lee, Richard Theodore; Mootha, Vamsi Krishna (Public Library of Science, 2007)
      Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by defects in insulin secretion and action. Impaired glucose uptake in skeletal muscle is believed to be one of the earliest features in the natural history of ...