Browsing HMS Scholarly Articles by Title
Now showing items 5906-5925 of 17922
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The evolution of Taiwan’s National Health Insurance drug reimbursement scheme
(BioMed Central, 2015)Background: The rapid growth of health care expenditures, especially pharmaceutical spending, is a challenge for many countries. To control increasing pharmaceutical expenditures and to enhance rational use of drugs, ... -
The Evolution of the Physician Role in the Setting of Increased Non-physician Clinicians in Sub-Saharan Africa: An Insistence on Timing and Culturally-Sensitive, Purposefully Selected Skill Development: Comment on "Non-physician Clinicians in Sub-Saharan Africa and the Evolving Role of Physicians"
(Kerman University of Medical Sciences, 2017)As Eyal et al put forth in their piece, Non-physician Clinicians in Sub-Saharan Africa and the Evolving Role of Physicians, task-shifting across sub-Saharan Africa through non-physician clinicians (NPCs) has led to an ... -
An Evolutionarily Conserved Enhancer Regulates Bmp4 Expression in Developing Incisor and Limb Bud
(Public Library of Science, 2012)To elucidate the transcriptional regulation of Bmp4 expression during organogenesis, we used phylogenetic footprinting and transgenic reporter analyses to identify Bmp4 cis-regulatory modules (CRMs). These analyses identified ... -
The Evolutionarily Conserved Mediator Subunit MDT-15/MED15 Links Protective Innate Immune Responses and Xenobiotic Detoxification
(Public Library of Science, 2014)Metazoans protect themselves from environmental toxins and virulent pathogens through detoxification and immune responses. We previously identified a small molecule xenobiotic toxin that extends survival of Caenorhabditis ... -
Evolutionarily Conserved Recognition and Innate Immunity to Fungal Pathogens by the Scavenger Receptors SCARF1 and CD36
(Rockefeller University Press, 2009)Receptors involved in innate immunity to fungal pathogens have not been fully elucidated. We show that the Caenorhabditis elegans receptors CED-1 and C03F11.3, and their mammalian orthologues, the scavenger receptors SCARF1 ... -
Evolutionary and Functional Analysis of Old World Primate TRIM5 Reveals the Ancient Emergence of Primate Lentiviruses and Convergent Evolution Targeting a Conserved Capsid Interface
(Public Library of Science, 2015)The widespread distribution of lentiviruses among African primates, and the lack of severe pathogenesis in many of these natural reservoirs, are taken as evidence for long-term co-evolution between the simian immunodeficiency ... -
Evolutionary Changes in the Leishmania eIF4F Complex Involve Variations in the eIF4E–eIF4G Interactions
(Oxford University Press, 2009)Translation initiation in eukaryotes is mediated by assembly of the eIF4F complex over the m7GTP cap structure at the 5′-end of mRNAs. This requires an interaction between eIF4E and eIF4G, two eIF4F subunits. The Leishmania ... -
Evolutionary Dynamics of Protein Domain Architecture in Plants
(BioMed Central, 2012)Background: Protein domains are the structural, functional and evolutionary units of the protein. Protein domain architectures are the linear arrangements of domain(s) in individual proteins. Although the evolutionary ... -
Evolutionary features of thyroid cancer in patients with thyroidectomies from 2008 to 2013 in China
(Nature Publishing Group, 2016)To evaluate the characteristics of thyroid carcinoma over time, we carried out a retrospective study to illustrate the evolutionary features of thyroid carcinoma. All records of thyroidectomies from the First Affiliated ... -
Evolutionary Genomics Reveals Lineage-Specific Gene Loss and Rapid Evolution of a Sperm-Specific Ion Channel Complex: CatSpers and CatSperβ
(Public Library of Science, 2008)The mammalian CatSper ion channel family consists of four sperm-specific voltage-gated Ca2+ channels that are crucial for sperm hyperactivation and male fertility. All four CatSper subunits are believed to assemble into a ... -
Evolutionary principles of modular gene regulation in yeasts
(eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd, 2013)Divergence in gene regulation can play a major role in evolution. Here, we used a phylogenetic framework to measure mRNA profiles in 15 yeast species from the phylum Ascomycota and reconstruct the evolution of their modular ... -
Evolving Patterns in the Detection and Outcomes of Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms
(American Medical Association (AMA), 2007)Objective: To assess changing patterns in the detection and outcomes of pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (PNENs). Design: Retrospective review from May 21, 1977, through September 16, 2005. Setting: Massachusetts General ... -
The evolving response to antibiotic resistance (1945–2018)
(Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2018-10-23)The intensity and character of concerns about antibiotic resistance, over the past nearly seventy-five years, have depended on a series of linked factors: the evolution and distribution of resistant microbes themselves; ... -
The Evolving Roles of the Medical Journal
(New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM/MMS), 2012) -
Ex Vivo Adenovirus-Mediated Gene Transfer to Corneal Graft Endothelial Cells in Mice
(Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO), 2004)purpose. Genetic modulation of donor tissue before corneal transplantation may have the potential to modulate alloimmunity and/or to prevent corneal endothelial cell death. This study was conducted to optimize adenovirus-mediated ... -
Ex Vivo and in Vivo Stable Isotope Labelling of Central Carbon Metabolism and Related Pathways With Analysis by LC–MS/MS
(Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2019-02)Targeted tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) has been extremely useful for profiling small molecules extracted from biological sources, such as cells, bodily fluids and tissues. Here, we present a protocol for analysing ... -
Ex Vivo Cytosolic Delivery of Functional Macromolecules to Immune Cells
(Public Library of Science, 2015)Intracellular delivery of biomolecules, such as proteins and siRNAs, into primary immune cells, especially resting lymphocytes, is a challenge. Here we describe the design and testing of microfluidic intracellular delivery ... -
Ex Vivo Expansion of Human CD8+ T Cells Using Autologous CD4+ T Cell Help
(Public Library of Science, 2012)Background: Using in vivo mouse models, the mechanisms of CD4+ T cell help have been intensively investigated. However, a mechanistic analysis of human CD4+ T cell help is largely lacking. Our goal was to elucidate the ... -
The ExAC browser: displaying reference data information from over 60 000 exomes
(Oxford University Press, 2017)Worldwide, hundreds of thousands of humans have had their genomes or exomes sequenced, and access to the resulting data sets can provide valuable information for variant interpretation and understanding gene function. Here, ... -
Exacerbated experimental arthritis in Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome protein deficiency: Modulatory role of regulatory B cells
(BlackWell Publishing Ltd, 2014)Patients deficient in the cytoskeletal regulator Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome protein (WASp) are predisposed to varied autoimmunity, suggesting it has an important controlling role in participating cells. IL-10-producing ...