Browsing HMS Scholarly Articles by Keyword "melanoma"
Now showing items 1-20 of 23
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5-Hydroxymethylcytosine Expression in Metastatic Melanoma versus Nodal Nevus in Sentine Lymph Node Biopsies
(2014)Sentinel lymph node biopsies are conducted to stage patients with newly-diagnosed melanomas that have histopathologic attributes conferring defined levels of metastatic potential. Because benign nevic cells may also form ... -
Activated mouse \(CD4^+Foxp3^−\) T cells facilitate melanoma metastasis via Qa-1-dependent suppression of NK-cell cytotoxicity
(Nature Publishing Group, 2012)The regulatory activities of mouse \(CD^4+Foxp3^+\) T cells on various immune cells, including NK cells, have been well documented. Under some conditions, conventional \(CD4^+Foxp3^−\) T cells in the periphery are able to ... -
Acyl protein thioesterase 1 and 2 (APT-1, APT-2) inhibitors palmostatin B, ML348 and ML349 have different effects on NRAS mutant melanoma cells
(Impact Journals LLC, 2016)Oncogenic NRAS mutations are frequent in melanoma and lead to increased downstream signaling and uncontrolled cell proliferation. Since the direct inhibition of NRAS is not possible yet, modulators of NRAS posttranslational ... -
BRAF inhibition is associated with increased clonality in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes
(Landes Bioscience, 2013)There have been significant advances with regard to BRAF-targeted therapies against metastatic melanoma. However, the majority of patients receiving BRAF inhibitors (BRAFi) manifest disease progression within a year. We ... -
Distinct clinical patterns and immune infiltrates are observed at time of progression on targeted therapy versus immune checkpoint blockade for melanoma
(Taylor & Francis, 2016)ABSTRACT We have made major advances in the treatment of melanoma through the use of targeted therapy and immune checkpoint blockade; however, clinicians are posed with therapeutic dilemmas regarding timing and sequence ... -
Evaluation of stromal HGF immunoreactivity as a biomarker for melanoma response to RAF inhibitors
(2013)Of more than 150,000 published studies evaluating new biomarkers, fewer than 100 biomarkers have been implemented for patient care[1]. One reason for this is lack of rigorous testing by the medical community to validate ... -
Heterogeneity in Host Risk Factors for Incident Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer in a Cohort of US Women
(Japan Epidemiological Association, 2011)Background: Melanoma, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and basal cell carcinoma (BCC) are 3 types of skin cancer that have distinct biologic characteristics and prognoses. We evaluated phenotypic differences in the risk of ... -
Impact of MAPK Pathway Activation in BRAFV600 Melanoma on T Cell and Dendritic Cell Function
(Frontiers Media S.A., 2013)Constitutive upregulation of the MAPK pathway by a BRAFV600 mutation occurs in about half of melanomas. This leads to increased oncogenic properties such as tumor cell invasion, metastatic potential, and resistance to ... -
Inhibition of Immune Checkpoints and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor as Combination Therapy for Metastatic Melanoma: An Overview of Rationale, Preclinical Evidence, and Initial Clinical Data
(Frontiers Media S.A., 2015)The role of angiogenesis as a mediator of immune regulation in the tumor microenvironment has recently come into focus. Furthermore, emerging evidence indicates that immunotherapy can lead to immune-mediated vasculopathy ... -
Injection of Syngeneic Murine Melanoma Cells to Determine Their Metastatic Potential in the Lungs
(MyJove Corporation, 2016)Approximately 90% of human cancer deaths are linked to metastasis. Despite the prevalence and relative harm of metastasis, therapeutics for treatment or prevention are lacking. We report a method for the establishment of ... -
Ipilimumab in the treatment of metastatic melanoma: management of adverse events
(Dove Medical Press, 2014)Recently, “ipilimumab,” an anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) monoclonal antibody, has been demonstrated to improve overall survival in metastatic melanoma. “CTLA-4” is an immune-checkpoint molecule that ... -
A key role of GARP in the immune suppressive tumor microenvironment
(Impact Journals LLC, 2016)In melanoma patients, one of the main reasons for tumor immune escape and therapy failure is the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Herein, suppressive immune cells and inhibitory factors secreted by the tumor itself ... -
Loss of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine correlates with increasing morphologic dysplasia in melanocytic tumors
(2013)DNA methylation is the most well studied epigenetic modification in cancer biology. 5-hydroxymethylcytosine is an epigenetic mark that can be converted from 5-methylcytosine by the ten-eleven translocation gene family. We ... -
Loss of the epigenetic mark, 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine, correlates with small cell/nevoid subpopulations and assists in microstaging of human melanoma
(Impact Journals LLC, 2015)Melanomas in the vertical growth phase (VGP) not infrequently demonstrate cellular heterogeneity. One commonly encountered subpopulation displays small cell/nevoid morphology. Although its significance remains unknown, ... -
Molecular stratification of metastatic melanoma using gene expression profiling : Prediction of survival outcome and benefit from molecular targeted therapy
(Impact Journals LLC, 2015)Melanoma is currently divided on a genetic level according to mutational status. However, this classification does not optimally predict prognosis. In prior studies, we have defined gene expression phenotypes (high-immune, ... -
Nestin depletion induces melanoma matrix metalloproteinases and invasion
(2015)Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are key biological mediators of processes as diverse as wound healing, embryogenesis, and cancer progression. Although MMPs may be induced through multiple signaling pathways, the precise ... -
New developments in the treatment of metastatic melanoma – role of dabrafenib–trametinib combination therapy
(Dove Medical Press, 2014)Development of selective inhibitors of BRAF has improved the survival of patients with BRAF-mutant melanoma. The progression-free survival after treatment with a BRAF inhibitor is modest, however, and BRAF inhibitors induce ... -
PD-1 pathway inhibitors: The next generation of immunotherapy for advanced melanoma
(Impact Journals LLC, 2015)Checkpoint inhibitors are revolutionizing treatment options and expectations for patients with melanoma. Ipilimumab, a monoclonal antibody against cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4), was the first approved ... -
PDGFRα up-regulation mediated by sonic hedgehog pathway activation leads to BRAF inhibitor resistance in melanoma cells with BRAF mutation
(Impact Journals LLC, 2014)Control of BRAF(V600E) metastatic melanoma by BRAF inhibitor (BRAF-I) is limited by intrinsic and acquired resistance. Growth factor receptor up-regulation is among the mechanisms underlying BRAF-I resistance of melanoma ... -
Somatic p16INK4a Loss Accelerates Melanomagenesis
(Nature Publishing Group, 2010)Loss of p16\(^{INK4a}–RB\) and ARF–p53 tumor suppressor pathways, as well as activation of RAS–RAF signaling, is seen in a majority of human melanomas. Although heterozygous germline mutations of p16\(^{INK4a}\) are ...