Browsing SPH Scholarly Articles by Title

Now showing items 2066-2085 of 6362

    • Ensuring Quality in AFRINEST and SATT: Clinical Standardization and Monitoring 

      Wall, Stephen N.; Mazzeo, Corinne I.; Adejuyigbe, Ebunoluwa A.; Ayede, Adejumoke I.; Bahl, Rajiv; Baqui, Abdullah H.; Blackwelder, William C.; Brandes, Neal; Darmstadt, Gary L.; Esamai, Fabian; Hibberd, Patricia L.; Jacobs, Marian; Klein, Jerome O.; Mwinga, Kasonde; Rollins, Nigel Campbell; Saloojee, Haroon; Tshefu, Antoinette Kitoto; Wammanda, Robinson D.; Zaidi, Anita K. M.; Qazi, Shamim Ahmad (Williams & Wilkins, 2013)
      Background: Three randomized open-label clinical trials [Simplified Antibiotic Therapy Trial (SATT) Bangladesh, SATT Pakistan and African Neonatal Sepsis Trial (AFRINEST)] were developed to test the equivalence of simplified ...

    • Entomologic and Serologic Evidence of Zoonotic Transmission of Babesia microti, Eastern Switzerland 

      Foppa, Ivo M.; Krause, Peter J.; Spielman, Andrew; Goethert, Heidi; Gern, Lise; Brand, Brigit; Telford, Sam R. (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2002)
      We evaluated human risk for infection with Babesia microti at a site in eastern Switzerland where several B. microti–infected nymphal Ixodes ricinus ticks had been found. DNA from pooled nymphal ticks amplified by polymerase ...

    • Enumeration of CD4+ T-Cells Using a Portable Microchip Count Platform in Tanzanian HIV-Infected Patients 

      Moon, SangJun; Gurkan, Umut; Blander, Jeffrey; Fawzi, Wafaie W.; Aboud, Said; Mugusi, Ferdinand; Kuritzkes, Daniel Robert; Demirci, Utkan (Public Library of Science (PLoS), 2011)
      Background CD4+ T-lymphocyte count (CD4 count) is a standard method used to monitor HIV-infected patients during anti-retroviral therapy (ART). The World Health Organization (WHO) has pointed out or recommended that a ...

    • Environment and Brain Development: Challenges in the Global Context 

      Julvez, Jordi; Paus, Tomas; Bellinger, David C; Eskenazi, Brenda; Tiemeier, Henning; Pearce, Neil; Ritz, Beate; White, Tonya; Ramchandani, Paul; Gispert, Juan; Desrivières, Sylvane; Brouwer, Rachel; Boucher, Olivier; Alemany, Silvia; López-Vicente, Mónica; Suades-González, Elisabeth; Forns, Joan; Grandjean, Philippe; Sunyer, Jordi (S. Karger AG, 2015)

    • Environment and Obesity in the National Children's Study 

      Trasande, Leonardo; Cronk, Chris; Durkin, Maureen; Weiss, Marianne; Schoeller, Dale A.; Gall, Elizabeth A.; Hewitt, Jeanne B.; Carrel, Aaron L.; Landrigan, Philip J.; Gillman, Matthew William (National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 2008)
      Objective: In this review we describe the approach taken by the National Children’s Study (NCS), a 21-year prospective study of 100,000 American children, to understanding the role of environmental factors in the development ...

    • Environmental Chemicals in Urine and Blood: Improving Methods for Creatinine and Lipid Adjustment 

      O’Brien, Katie M.; Upson, Kristen; Cook, Nancy R.; Weinberg, Clarice R. (National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 2015)
      Background: Investigators measuring exposure biomarkers in urine typically adjust for creatinine to account for dilution-dependent sample variation in urine concentrations. Similarly, it is standard to adjust for serum ...

    • Environmental Exposure to Polychlorinated Biphenyls and p,p´-DDE and Sperm Sex-Chromosome Disomy 

      McAuliffe, Megan E.; Williams, Paige L.; Korrick, Susan Abigail; Altshul, Larisa M.; Perry, Melissa J. (National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 2012)
      Background: Chromosomal abnormalities contribute substantially to reproductive problems, but the role of environmental risk factors has received little attention. Objectives: We evaluated the association of polychlorinated ...

    • Environmental Health: the First Five Years 

      Grandjean, Philippe; Ozonoff, David (BioMed Central, 2007)
      Environmental Health is now firmly established as a major venue for publishing in the field of environmental health. While remaining selective in our acceptances – of the 217 manuscripts that we have processed by June 2007, ...

    • Environmental Mold and Mycotoxin Exposures Elicit Specific Cytokine and Chemokine Responses 

      Rosenblum Lichtenstein, Jamie H.; Hsu, Yi-Hsiang; Gavin, Igor M.; Donaghey, Thomas C.; Molina, Ramon M.; Thompson, Khristy J.; Chi, Chih-Lin; Gillis, Bruce S.; Brain, Joseph D. (Public Library of Science, 2015)
      Background: Molds can cause respiratory symptoms and asthma. We sought to use isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) to understand changes in cytokine and chemokine levels in response to mold and mycotoxin ...

    • Environmental Organochlorines and Semen Quality: Results of a Pilot Study 

      Hauser, Russ B.; Altshul, Larisa M.; Chen, Zuying; Ryan, Louise Marie; Overstreet, James; Schiff, Isaac; Christiani, David C. (National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 2002)
      There have been numerous studies that suggest that sperm concentrations (sperm counts) are declining in men. However, other studies suggest that sperm counts are not declining or may be increasing in some areas. Although ...

    • Environmental Profile of a Community's Health (EPOCH): An Instrument to Measure Environmental Determinants of Cardiovascular Health in Five Countries 

      Chow, Clara K.; Lock, Karen; Madhavan, Manisha; Corsi, Daniel J.; Gilmore, Anna B.; Subramanian, S.V. Venkata; Li, Wei; Swaminathan, Sumathi; Lopez-Jaramillo, Patricio; Avezum, Alvaro; Lear, Scott A.; Dagenais, Gilles; Teo, Koon; McKee, Martin; Yusuf, Salim (Public Library of Science (PLoS), 2010)
      Background The environment in which people live is known to be important in influencing diet, physical activity, smoking, psychosocial and other risk factors for cardiovascular (CV) disease. However no instrument exists ...

    • Environmental Profile of a Community’s Health (EPOCH): An Ecometric Assessment of Measures of the Community Environment Based on Individual Perception 

      Corsi, Daniel J.; Subramanian, S.V. Venkata; McKee, Martin; Li, Wei; Swaminathan, Sumathi; Lopez-Jaramillo, Patricio; Avezum, Alvaro; Lear, Scott A.; Dagenais, Gilles; Rangarajan, Sumathy; Teo, Koon; Yusuf, Salim; Chow, Clara K. (Public Library of Science, 2012)
      Background: Public health research has turned towards examining upstream, community-level determinants of cardiovascular disease risk factors. Objective measures of the environment, such as those derived from direct ...

    • Environmental Susceptibility of the Sperm Epigenome During Windows of Male Germ Cell Development 

      Wu, Haotian; Hauser, Russ; Krawetz, Stephen A.; Pilsner, J. Richard (Springer International Publishing, 2015)
      Male germ cells require multiple epigenetic reprogramming events during their lifespan to achieve reproductive capacity. An emerging body of compelling data demonstrates that environmental exposures can be embodied within ...

    • Environmental tobacco smoke, indoor allergens, and childhood asthma. 

      Gold, Diane R. (2000)
      Both environmental tobacco smoke and indoor allergens can exacerbate already established childhood albeit primarily through quite disparate mechanisms. In infancy and childhood, environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure ...

    • Eosinophil granules function extracellularly as receptor-mediated secretory organelles 

      Neves, J. S.; Perez, S. A. C.; Spencer, L. A.; Melo, R. C. N.; Reynolds, L.; Ghiran, I.; Mahmudi-Azer, S.; Odemuyiwa, S. O.; Dvorak, A. M.; Moqbel, R.; Weller, Peter Fahey (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2008)
      Intracellular granules in several types of leukocytes contain preformed proteins whose secretions contribute to immune and inflammatory functions of leukocytes, including eosinophils, cells notably associated with asthma, ...

    • Eosinophil purification from peripheral blood 

      Akuthota, Praveen; Capron, Kelsey; Weller, Peter Fahey (Springer Science + Business Media, 2014)
      Eosinophils are granulocytes integral to allergic inflammation and parasitic responses and comprise 1-4 % of the circulating leukocytes in human beings under normal conditions. Isolation of human eosinophils allows for ex ...

    • Eosinophil Secretion of Granule-Derived Cytokines 

      Spencer, Lisa A.; Bonjour, Kennedy; Melo, Rossana C. N.; Weller, Peter F. (Frontiers Media S.A., 2014)
      Eosinophils are tissue-dwelling leukocytes, present in the thymus, and gastrointestinal and genitourinary tracts of healthy individuals at baseline, and recruited, often in large numbers, to allergic inflammatory foci and ...

    • Eosinophilic pneumonias 

      Akuthota, P.; Weller, Peter Fahey (American Society for Microbiology, 2012)
      This review starts with discussions of several infectious causes of eosinophilic pneumonia, which are almost exclusively parasitic in nature. Pulmonary infections due specifically to Ascaris, hookworms, Strongyloides, ...

    • Eosinophils and disease pathogenesis 

      Akuthota, Praveen; Weller, Peter Fahey (Elsevier BV, 2012)
      Eosinophils are granulocytic innate immune cells whose presence is conspicuous in a variety of disease states, including eosinophilic hyperproliferative and infiltrative processes, as well as conditions associated with ...

    • Eosinophils and Th2 immunity: contemporary insights 

      Spencer, Lisa Ann; Weller, Peter Fahey (Nature Publishing Group, 2010)
      Eosinophils, innate immune leukocytes elicited by Th2 cells, have long been associated with the effector arm of Th2 immune responses. However, accumulating data over the past decade reveal a much more dynamic picture of ...