Browsing SPH Scholarly Articles by Keyword "epidemiology"
Now showing items 1-20 of 119
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Absolute Humidity and the Seasonal Onset of Influenza in the Continental United States
(Public Library of Science, 2010)Much of the observed wintertime increase of mortality in temperate regions is attributed to seasonal influenza. A recent reanalysis of laboratory experiments indicates that absolute humidity strongly modulates the airborne ... -
Accumulation of Metabolic Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Black and White Young Adults Over 20 Years
(Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2015)Background: Cross‐sectional clustering of metabolic risk factors for cardiovascular disease in middle‐aged adults is well described, but less is known regarding the order in which risk factors develop through young adulthood ... -
Acute and Chronic Effects of Particles on Hospital Admissions in New England
(Public Library of Science, 2012)Background: Many studies have reported significant associations between exposure to \(PM_{2.5}\) and hospital admissions, but all have focused on the effects of short-term exposure. In addition all these studies have relied ... -
Adverse Effects of Methylmercury: Environmental Health Research Implications
(National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 2010)Background: The scientific discoveries of health risks resulting from methylmercury exposure began in 1865 describing ataxia, dysarthria, constriction of visual fields, impaired hearing, and sensory disturbance as symptoms ... -
Anatomy of Health Effects of Mediterranean Diet: Greek EPIC Prospective Cohort Study
(BMJ Publishing Group, 2009)Objective: To investigate the relative importance of the individual components of the Mediterranean diet in generating the inverse association of increased adherence to this diet and overall mortality. Design: Prospective ... -
Antiviral Resistance and the Control of Pandemic Influenza
(Public Library of Science, 2007)Background: The response to the next influenza pandemic will likely include extensive use of antiviral drugs (mainly oseltamivir), combined with other transmission-reducing measures. Animal and in vitro studies suggest ... -
Apolipoprotein C-III as a Potential Modulator of the Association Between HDL-Cholesterol and Incident Coronary Heart Disease
(Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2012)Background: High-density lipoproteins (HDL) are structurally and metabolically heterogeneous and subclasses with differential effects on coronary heart disease (CHD) might exist. Apolipoprotein (apo) C-III, a small ... -
Are Survey-based Estimates of the Burden of Drug Resistant TB Too Low? Insight from a Simulation Study
(Public Library of Science, 2008)Background: The emergence of tuberculosis resistant to multiple first- and second-line antibiotics poses challenges to a global control strategy that relies on standard drug treatment regimens. Highly drug-resistant strains ... -
Aspirin Use and Risk of Atrial Fibrillation in the Physicians' Health Study
(Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2014)Background: Inflammatory processes have been associated with an increased risk of atrial fibrillation (AF), potentially allowing for preventive therapy by anti‐inflammatory agents such as aspirin. However, the effect of ... -
Association between adiponectin and heart failure risk in the Physicians' Health Study
(2012)Limited data are available on the association between adiponectin and incident heart failure. In the current ancillary study to the Physicians' Health Study, we used a prospective nested-case control design to examine ... -
Association Between Interpersonal Trust, Reciprocity, and Depression in South Korea: A Prospective Analysis
(Public Library of Science, 2012)Background: A growing body of empirical evidence indicates that low-level social capital is related to poor mental health outcomes. However, the prospective association between social capital and depression remains unclear, ... -
Association of Blood Lead Levels with Onset of Puberty in Russian Boys
(National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 2008)Background: Epidemiologic studies suggest a temporal trend of earlier onset and longer duration of puberty, raising concerns regarding the potential impact of environmental factors on pubertal development. Lead exposure ... -
Association of Body Mass Index in Early Adulthood and Middle Age with Future Site-Specific Cancer Mortality: The Harvard Alumni Health Study
(Oxford University Press, 2012)Background:: The association between adiposity in early adulthood and subsequent development of specific malignancies is unclear. Further, the potential for mediation by adiposity in middle age has not been well examined. ... -
Association of Cumulative Lead Exposure with Parkinson’s Disease
(National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 2010)Background: Research using reconstructed exposure histories has suggested an association between heavy metal exposures, including lead, and Parkinson’s disease (PD), but the only study that used bone lead, a biomarker of ... -
Association of Expired Nitric Oxide with Occupational Particulate Exposure
(2003)Particulate air pollution has been associated with adverse respiratory health effects. This study assessed the utility of expired nitric oxide to detect acute airway responses to metal-containing fine particulates. Using ... -
Association of Secondhand Smoke Exposure with Pediatric Invasive Bacterial Disease and Bacterial Carriage: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
(Public Library of Science, 2010)Background: A number of epidemiologic studies have observed an association between secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure and pediatric invasive bacterial disease (IBD) but the evidence has not been systematically reviewed. We ... -
Associations of Plasma Phospholipid and Dietary Alpha Linolenic Acid With Incident Atrial Fibrillation in Older Adults: The Cardiovascular Health Study
(Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2013)Background: Few studies have examined the relationship of α‐linolenic acid (ALA 18:3n‐3), an intermediate‐chain essential n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acid derived from plants and vegetable oils, with incident atrial fibrillation ... -
Baseline Repeated Measures from Controlled Human Exposure Studies: Associations between Ambient Air Pollution Exposure and the Systemic Inflammatory Biomarkers IL-6 and Fibrinogen
(National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 2009)Introduction: Systemic inflammation may be one of the mechanisms mediating the association between ambient air pollution and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and fibrinogen are biomarkers of ... -
Black Carbon Exposure, Oxidative Stress Genes, and Blood Pressure in a Repeated-measures Study
(National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 2009)Background: Particulate matter (PM) air pollution has been associated with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, and elevated blood pressure (BP) is a known risk factor for cardiovascular disease. A small number of studies ... -
A Brief Targeted Review of Susceptibility Factors, Environmental Exposures, Asthma Incidence, and Recommendations for Future Asthma Incidence Research
(National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 2006)Relative to research on effects of environmental exposures on exacerbation of existing asthma, little research on incident asthma and environmental exposures has been conducted. However, this research is needed to better ...