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Bean, Jonathan

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Bean

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Jonathan

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Bean, Jonathan
Author's Publications: search.filters.isAuthorOfPublication.38ec08fd-0252-4ae7-bda5-f2c08af0f846

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Now showing 1 - 7 of 7
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    The rehabilitation enhancing aging through connected health (REACH) study: study protocol for a quasi-experimental clinical trial
    (BioMed Central, 2017) Ni, Meng; Brown, Lorna G.; Lawler, Danielle; Ellis, Terry D.; Deangelis, Tamara; Latham, Nancy K.; Perloff, Jennifer; Atlas, Steve J.; Percac-Lima, Sanja; Bean, Jonathan
    Background: Mobility limitations among older adults increase the risk for disability and healthcare utilization. Rehabilitative care is identified as the most efficacious treatment for maintaining physical function. However, there is insufficient evidence identifying a healthcare model that targets prevention of mobility decline among older adults. The objective of this study is to evaluate the preliminary effectiveness of a physical therapy program, augmented with mobile tele-health technology, on mobility function and healthcare utilization among older adults. Methods: This is a quasi-experimental 12-month clinical trial conducted within a metropolitan-based healthcare system in the northeastern United States. It is in parallel with an existing longitudinal cohort study evaluating mobility decline among community-dwelling older adult primary care patients over one year. Seventy-five older adults (≥ 65–95 years) are being recruited using identical inclusion/exclusion criteria to the cohort study. Three aims will be evaluated: the effect of our program on 1) physical function, 2) healthcare utilization, and 3) healthcare costs. Changes in patient-reported function over 1 year in those receiving the intervention (aim 1) will be compared to propensity score matched controls (N = 150) from the cohort study. For aims 2 and 3, propensity scores, derived from logistic regression model that includes demographic and diagnostic information available through claims and enrollment information, will be used to match treatment and control patients in a ratio of 1:2 or 1:3 from a Medicare Claims Registry derived from the same geographic region. The intervention consists of a one-year physical therapy program that is divided between a combination of outpatient and home visits (6–10 total visits) and is augmented on a computerized tablet using of a commercially available application to deliver a progressive home-based exercise program emphasizing lower-extremity function and a walking program. Discussion Incorporating mobile health into current healthcare models of rehabilitative care has the potential to decrease hospital visits and provide a longer duration of care. If the hypotheses are supported and demonstrate improved mobility and reduced healthcare utilization, this innovative care model would be applicable for optimizing the maintenance of functional independence among community-dwelling older adults. Trial registration ClinicalTrial.gov Identifier: NCT02580409 (Date of registration October 14, 2015).
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    Computed Tomography-Based Muscle Attenuation and Electrical Impedance Myography as Indicators of Trunk Muscle Strength Independent of Muscle Size in Older Adults
    (Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), 2014) Anderson, Dennis; Bean, Jonathan; Holt, Nicole E.; Keel, John C.; Bouxsein, Mary
    Objective—To examine the associations of computed tomography (CT) -based x-ray attenuation and paraspinal electrical impedance myography (EIM) measures of trunk muscles with absolute and relative (normalized by body weight) trunk extension strength, independent of muscle cross- sectional area (CSA). Design—A cross-sectional study of mobility-limited community dwelling older adults (34 women, 15 men, mean age 78.2±7.2 years) recruited from within an existing prospective research cohort. Trunk extension strength, CT-based trunk muscle CSA and attenuation at L4 level, and paraspinal EIM measures were collected. Results—Attenuation was positively correlated with absolute and relative strength for multiple muscle groups (r = 0.32 to 0.61, p < 0.05). Paraspinal EIM phase was positively correlated with paraspinal attenuation (r = 0.30, p = 0.039) and with relative strength (r = 0.30, p = 0.042). In multivariable linear regressions adjusting for sex and CSA, attenuations of the anterior abdominal muscles (semipartial r2 = 0.11, p = 0.013) and combined muscles (semipartial r2 = 0.07, p = 0.046) were associated with relative strength. Conclusions—While attenuation was associated with relative strength, small effect sizes indicate limited usefulness as clinical measures of muscle strength independent of muscle size. However, there remains a need for additional studies in larger and more diverse groups of subjects.
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    Psychometric properties of the Late-Life Function and Disability Instrument: a systematic review
    (BioMed Central, 2014) Beauchamp, Marla K.; Schmidt, Catherine T; Pedersen, Mette M; Bean, Jonathan; Jette, Alan M
    Background: The choice of measure for use as a primary outcome in geriatric research is contingent upon the construct of interest and evidence for its psychometric properties. The Late-Life Function and Disability Instrument (LLFDI) has been widely used to assess functional limitations and disability in studies with older adults. The primary aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the current available evidence for the psychometric properties of the LLFDI. Methods: Published studies of any design reporting results based on administration of the original version of the LLFDI in community-dwelling older adults were identified after searches of 9 electronic databases. Data related to construct validity (convergent/divergent and known-groups validity), test-retest reliability and sensitivity to change were extracted. Effect sizes were calculated for within-group changes and summarized graphically. Results: Seventy-one studies including 17,301 older adults met inclusion criteria. Data supporting the convergent/divergent and known-groups validity for both the Function and Disability components were extracted from 30 and 18 studies, respectively. High test-retest reliability was found for the Function component, while results for the Disability component were more variable. Sensitivity to change of the LLFDI was confirmed based on findings from 25 studies. The basic lower extremity subscale and overall summary score of the Function component and limitation dimension of the Disability component were associated with the strongest relative effect sizes. Conclusions: There is extensive evidence to support the construct validity and sensitivity to change of the LLFDI among various clinical populations of community-dwelling older adults. Further work is needed on predictive validity and values for clinically important change. Findings from this review can be used to guide the selection of the most appropriate LLFDI subscale for use an outcome measure in geriatric research and practice.
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    Feasibility of progressive sit-to-stand training among older hospitalized patients
    (PeerJ Inc., 2015) Pedersen, Mette Merete; Petersen, Janne; Bean, Jonathan; Damkjaer, Lars; Juul-Larsen, Helle Gybel; Andersen, Ove; Beyer, Nina; Bandholm, Thomas
    Background. In older patients, hospitalization is associated with a decline in functional performance and loss of muscle strength. Loss of muscle strength and functional performance can be prevented by systematic strength training, but details are lacking regarding the optimal exercise program and dose for older patients. Therefore, our aim was to test the feasibility of a progression model for loaded sit-to-stand training among older hospitalized patients. Methods. This is a prospective cohort study conducted as a feasibility study prior to a full-scale trial. We included twenty-four older patients (≥65 yrs) acutely admitted from their own home to the medical services of the hospital. We developed an 8-level progression model for loaded sit-to-stands, which we named STAND. We used STAND as a model to describe how to perform the sit-to-stand exercise as a strength training exercise aimed at reaching a relative load of 8–12 repetitions maximum (RM) for 8–12 repetitions. Weight could be added by the use of a weight vest when needed. The ability of the patients to reach the intended relative load (8–12 RM), while performing sit-to-stands following the STAND model, was tested once during hospitalization and once following discharge in their own homes. A structured interview including assessment of possible modifiers (cognitive status by the Short Orientation Memory test and mobility by the De Morton Mobility Index) was administered both on admission to the hospital and in the home setting. The STAND model was considered feasible if: (1) 75% of the assessed patients could perform the exercise at a given level of the model reaching 8–12 repetitions at a relative load of 8–12 RM for one set of exercise in the hospital and two sets of exercise at home; (2) no ceiling or floor effect was seen; (3) no indication of adverse events were observed. The outcomes assessed were: level of STAND attained, the number of sets performed, perceived exertion (the Borg scale), and pain (the Verbal Ranking Scale). Results. Twenty-four patients consented to participate. Twenty-three of the patients were tested in the hospital and 19 patients were also tested in their home. All three criteria for feasibility were met: (1) in the hospital, 83% could perform the exercise at a given level of STAND, reaching 8–12 repetitions at 8–12 RM for one set, and 79% could do so for two sets in the home setting; (2) for all assessed patients, a possibility of progression or regression was possible—no ceiling or floor effect was observed; (3) no indication of adverse events (pain) was observed. Also, those that scored higher on the De Morton Mobility Index performed the exercise at higher levels of STAND, whereas performance was independent of cognitive status. Conclusions. We found a simple progression model for loaded sit-to-stands (STAND) feasible in acutely admitted older medical patients (≥65 yrs), based on our pre-specified criteria for feasibility.
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    Cognitive and Physical Demands of Activities of Daily Living In Older Adults: Validation of Expert Panel Ratings: The SAGES Functional Measures Working Group
    (2015) Fong, Tamara; Gleason, Lauren J.; Wong, Bonnie; Habtemariam, Daniel; Jones, Richard N.; Schmitt, Eva M.; de Rooij, Sophia E.; Saczynski, Jane S.; Gross, Alden L.; Bean, Jonathan; Brown, Cynthia J.; Fick, Donna M.; Gruber-Baldini, Ann L.; O’Connor, Margaret; Tabloski, Patrica A.; Marcantonio, Edward; Inouye, Sharon
    Background: Difficulties with performance of functional activities may result from cognitive and/or physical impairments. To date, there has not been a clear delineation of the physical and cognitive demands of activities of daily living. Objectives: To quantify the relative physical and cognitive demands required to complete typical functional activities in older adults. Design: Expert panel survey. Setting: Web-based platform. Participants: Eleven experts from eight academic medical centers and 300 community dwelling elderly adults age 70 and older scheduled for elective non-cardiac surgery from two academic medical centers. Methods: Sum scores of expert ratings were calculated and then validated against objective data collected from a prospective longitudinal study. Main Outcome Measurements Correlation between expert ratings and objective neuropsychological tests (memory, language, complex attention) and physical measures (gait speed and grip strength) for performance-based tasks. Results: Managing money, self-administering medications, using the telephone, and preparing meals were rated as requiring significantly more cognitive demand, while walking and transferring, moderately strenuous activities, and climbing stairs were assessed as more physically demanding. Largely cognitive activities correlated with objective neuropsychological performance (r=0.13–0.23, p<.05) and largely physical activities correlated with physical performance (r=0.15–0.46, p<.05). Conclusions: Quantifying the degree of cognitive and/or physical demand for completing a specific task adds an additional dimension to standard measures of functional assessment. This additional information may significantly influence decisions about rehabilitation, post-acute care needs, treatment plans, and caregiver education.
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    Rehabilitation Research at the National Institutes of Health: Moving the Field Forward (Executive Summary)
    (SAGE Publications, 2017) Frontera, Walter R.; Bean, Jonathan; Damiano, Diane; Ehrlich-Jones, Linda; Fried-Oken, Melanie; Jette, Alan; Jung, Ranu; Lieber, Rick L.; Malec, James F.; Mueller, Michael J.; Ottenbacher, Kenneth J.; Tansey, Keith E.; Thompson, Aiko
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    A Novel Approach to Identifying Trajectories of Mobility Change in Older Adults
    (Public Library of Science, 2016) Ward, Rachel; Beauchamp, Marla K.; Latham, Nancy K.; Leveille, Suzanne; Percac-Lima, Sanja; Kurlinski, Laura; Ni, Pengsheng; Goldstein, Richard; Jette, Alan M.; Bean, Jonathan
    Objectives: To validate trajectories of late-life mobility change using a novel approach designed to overcome the constraints of modest sample size and few follow-up time points. Methods: Using clinical reasoning and distribution-based methodology, we identified trajectories of mobility change (Late Life Function and Disability Instrument) across 2 years in 391 participants age ≥65 years from a prospective cohort study designed to identify modifiable impairments predictive of mobility in late-life. We validated our approach using model fit indices and comparing baseline mobility-related factors between trajectories. Results: Model fit indices confirmed that the optimal number of trajectories were between 4 and 6. Mobility-related factors varied across trajectories with the most unfavorable values in poor mobility trajectories and the most favorable in high mobility trajectories. These factors included leg strength, trunk extension endurance, knee flexion range of motion, limb velocity, physical performance measures, and the number and prevalence of medical conditions including osteoarthritis and back pain. Conclusions: Our findings support the validity of this approach and may facilitate the investigation of a broader scope of research questions within aging populations of varied sizes and traits.