Person: Guidotti, Guido
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Guidotti
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Guido
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Guidotti, Guido
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Publication Interactions between the transmembrane domains of CD39 : identification of interacting residues by yeast selection(2015) Paavilainen, Sari; Guidotti, GuidoRat CD39, a membrane-bound ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase that hydrolyzes extracellular nucleoside tri- and diphosphates, is anchored to the membrane by two transmembrane domains at the two ends of the molecule. The transmembrane domains are important for enzymatic activity, as mutants lacking one or both of these domains have a fraction of the enzymatic activity of the wild-type CD39. We investigated the interactions between the transmembrane domains by using a strain of yeast that requires surface expression of CD39 for growth. Random mutagenesis of selected amino acid residues in the N-terminal transmembrane domain revealed that the presence of charged amino acids at these positions prevents expression of functional protein. Rescue of the growth of these mutants by complementary mutations on selected residues of the C-terminal transmembrane domain indicates that there is contact between particular faces of the transmembrane domainsPublication Glycans pattern the phase behaviour of lipid membranes(Springer Nature, 2012) Subramaniam, Anand; Guidotti, Guido; Manoharan, Vinothan; Stone, Howard A.Hydrated networks of glycans (polysaccharides)—in the form of cell walls, periplasms or gel-like matrices—are ubiquitously present adjacent to cellular plasma membranes. Yet, despite their abundance, the function of glycans in the extracellular milieu is largely unknown. Here we show that the spatial configuration of glycans controls the phase behaviour of multiphase model lipid membranes: inhomogeneous glycan networks stabilize large lipid domains at the characteristic length scale of the network, whereas homogeneous networks suppress macroscopic lipid phase separation. We also find that glycan-patterned phase separation is thermally reversible—thus indicating that the effect is thermodynamic rather than kinetic—and that phase patterning probably results from a preferential interaction of glycans with ordered lipid phases. These findings have implications for membrane-mediated transport processes, potentially rationalize long-standing observations that differentiate the behaviour of native and model membranes and may indicate an intimate coupling between cellular lipidomes and glycomes.Publication The Metal Corrdination of sCD39 During ATP Hydrolysis(BioMed Central, 2001) Chen, Wei; Guidotti, GuidoBackground The hydrolysis of ATP and ADP by ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1 (CD39) requires divalent cations, like Ca2+ and Mg2+. In spite of considerable work, it is not clear whether divalent cations bind to the enzyme in the absence of nucleotide or only as nucleotide-Me+2 complex. Here we study the protein ligands for Me+2. Results When VO2+ was used as a substitute for Ca2+, the ATPase activity of soluble CD39 was 25% of that with Ca2+ as cofactor. Protein ligands of the VO2+-nucleotide complex bound to the catalytic site of soluble CD39 were characterized by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. The EPR spectrum contained one species designated T with VO2+-AMPPNP as ligand. Two species D1 and D2 were observed when VO2+-AMPCP was bound to soluble CD39. The results suggest that species D1 and D2 represent the metal-ADP complexes at the catalytic site of soluble CD39 corresponding to the intermediate formed during ATP hydrolysis and the substrate for further hydrolysis, respectively. Conclusions VO2+ can functionally substitute for Ca2+ as a cofactor of sCD39, and it produces four different EPR features when bound in the presence of different nucleotides or in the absence of nucleotide. The metal coordination for each conformation corresponding to each EPR species is proposed, and the mechanism of sCD39 catalysis is discussed.Publication Bilayer Mechanical Properties Regulate Transmembrane Helix Mobility and Enzymatic State of CD39(American Chemical Society, 2005) Grinthal, Alison; Guidotti, GuidoCD39 can exist in at least two distinct functional states depending on the presence and intact membrane integration of its two transmembrane helices. In native membranes, the transmembrane helices undergo dynamic rotational motions that are required for enzymatic activity and are regulated by substrate binding. In the present study we show that bilayer mechanical properties regulate conversion between the two enzymatic functional states by modulating transmembrane helix dynamics. Alteration of membrane properties by insertion of cone shaped or inverse cone shaped amphiphiles or by cholesterol removal switches CD39 to the same enzymatic state as does removing or solubilizing the transmembrane domains. The same membrane alterations increase the propensity of both transmembrane helices to rotate within the packed structure, resulting in a structure with greater mobility but not an altered primary conformation. Membrane alteration also abolishes the ability of substrate to stabilize the helices in their primary conformation, indicating a loss of coupling between substrate binding and transmembrane helix dynamics. Removal of either transmembrane helix mimics the effect of membrane alteration on the mobility and substrate sensitivity of the remaining helix, suggesting that the ends of the extracellular domain have intrinsic flexibility. We suggest that a mechanical bilayer property, potentially elasticity, regulates CD39 by altering the balance between stability and flexibility of its transmembrane helices and, in turn, of its active site.Publication COVID-19 Versus Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) and ATPAbraham, Edward; Guidotti, Guido; Rapaport, Eliezer; Bower, David; Brown, Jack; Griffin, Robert J.; Waitzkin, Ellen D.; Qamar, Kenon; Thompson, Mark A.; Ethirajan, Sukumar; Robinson, KentWe previously published an article in Science discussing the role of ATP in cystic fibrosis (CF). (1) In this manuscript, we update the findings published in that article and add new evidence that the elevated levels of ATP in CF patients may have a protective benefit CF patients infected by SARS-CoV-2 and suffereing from COVID-19. By extension, we suggest a therapeutic regimen that may benefit COVID-19 in the general populaton.