Preserving Cloth Backings and Edging on 19th Century Varnished Wall Maps: case studies and a plea

Abstract

This poster presents the conservation treatment of two 19th-century varnished wall maps from the Harvard Map Collection, with a particular focus on preserving and reusing their original cloth backing and ribbon edging. While these textile elements are integral to the look, feel, and function of varnished wall maps, my professional experience has shown that they are often considered secondary to the paper map itself and are frequently removed and discarded. Reusing original textiles is commonly perceived as unnecessarily prolonging the treatment process. As a result, most conservation strategies involve replacing the original textiles with new linen, muslin, or paper backing, substituting new ribbon for the edging, or omitting the edging altogether. Through this poster, I challenge two widespread assumptions in the conservation of varnished wall maps: that textile elements should be discarded, and that their reuse inevitably extends the treatment. Varnished wall maps are valued by historians as vital sources documenting the development of towns, counties, and regions across 19th-century America. These distinctive maps are composite objects that consist of ink, paper, cotton cloth, silk ribbon, turned wood, iron tacks, and, of course, varnish—materials selected to withstand the demands of extended display. Today, these maps are usually found darkened and brittle, prompting conservation efforts focused on restoring their legibility and structural integrity—but often at the expense of their historical appearance and texture. Having previously treated scores of varnished maps where original backing and edging were discarded for efficiency’s sake, I saw these two Harvard maps as an opportunity to explore an alternative approach. The poster will provide an illustrated, step-by-step review of these textile-focused treatments. Stained and delaminating with internal losses, the wall map Rhode Island (1832) underwent blotter washing and the addition of an interlayer of toned Tengucho between the map and its backing cloth. The second map, East Bridgewater (1848), was partially broken and mended locally with layers of reinforcing strips. Its fragile ribbon edging was lined with pre-coated tissue and sewn back into place using the original holes. After treatment, both maps were cleaner and sound, while retaining the authenticity of their composite structure. Reusing the original textiles naturally added time as I developed my procedure; however, I could see that subsequent map treatments would become more efficient and cost-effective. I have been inspired by the collective expertise showcased in the Book and Paper Group’s special annual publication, The Conservation of Varnished Wall Maps (2024). While this invaluable resource rightly addresses issues of varnish removal, problems, and ethics, I hope this poster will broaden the conversation to include greater consideration of the textile components of these historic maps.