Degenerate Tetraploidy Was Established Before Bdelloid Rotifer Families Diverged

Abstract

Rotifers of Class Bdelloidea are abundant freshwater invertebrates known for their remarkable ability to survive desiccation and their lack of males and meiosis. Sequencing and annotation of approximately 50-kb regions containing the four <i>hsp82</i> heat shock genes of the bdelloid <i>Philodina roseola</i>, each located on a separate chromosome, have suggested that its genome is that of a degenerate tetraploid. In order to determine whether a similar structure exists in a bdelloid distantly related to <i>P. roseola</i> and if degenerate tetraploidy was established before the two species separated, we sequenced regions containing the <i>hsp82</i> genes of a bdelloid belonging to a different family, <i>Adineta vaga</i>, and the histone gene clusters of <i>P. roseola</i> and <i>A. vaga</i>. Our findings are entirely consistent with degenerate tetraploidy and show that it was established before the two bdelloid families diverged and therefore probably before the bdelloid radiation.