Symmetric All-Quinone Aqueous Battery

Abstract

Here we report a symmetric all-quinone aqueous battery based entirely on earth-abundant elements that uses a naturally occurring dye as the redox-active material in both positive and negative electrodes. We demonstrated a symmetric all-quinone cell with 1.04 V of open circuit voltage, 163 mAh/g of capacity, and 100 cycles at 10C with 100% of depth of discharge. The use of the same quinone in a symmetric setup expands the repertoire of inexpensive redox-active materials for aqueous rechargeable batteries, and the simple cell design will enable optimizations toward safe, cheap, light-weight, and flexible electronics in future.