Browsing HMS Scholarly Articles by Keyword "obesity"

Now showing items 21-40 of 67

    • Does Diet Affect Breast Cancer Risk? 

      Holmes, Michelle D.; Willett, Walter C. (BioMed Central, 2004)
      The role of specific dietary factors in breast cancer causation is not completely resolved. Results from prospective studies do not support the concept that fat intake in middle life has a major relation to breast cancer ...

    • Effect of Phosphodiesterase Inhibition on Insulin Resistance in Obese Individuals 

      Ho, Jennifer E.; Arora, Pankaj; Walford, Geoffrey A.; Ghorbani, Anahita; Guanaga, Derek P.; Dhakal, Bishnu P.; Nathan, Daniel I.; Buys, Emmanuel S.; Florez, Jose C.; Newton‐Cheh, Christopher; Lewis, Gregory D.; Wang, Thomas J. (Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2014)
      Background: Obesity is associated with cardiometabolic disease, including insulin resistance (IR) and diabetes. Cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) signaling affects energy balance, IR, and glucose metabolism in experimental ...

    • EMR-linked GWAS study: investigation of variation landscape of loci for body mass index in children 

      Namjou, Bahram; Keddache, Mehdi; Marsolo, Keith; Wagner, Michael; Lingren, Todd; Cobb, Beth; Perry, Cassandra; Kennebeck, Stephanie; Holm, Ingrid A.; Li, Rongling; Crimmins, Nancy A.; Martin, Lisa; Solti, Imre; Kohane, Isaac S.; Harley, John B. (Frontiers Media S.A., 2013)
      Common variations at the loci harboring the fat mass and obesity gene (FTO), MC4R, and TMEM18 are consistently reported as being associated with obesity and body mass index (BMI) especially in adult population. In order ...

    • Environment and Obesity in the National Children's Study 

      Trasande, Leonardo; Cronk, Chris; Durkin, Maureen; Weiss, Marianne; Schoeller, Dale A.; Gall, Elizabeth A.; Hewitt, Jeanne B.; Carrel, Aaron L.; Landrigan, Philip J.; Gillman, Matthew William (National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 2008)
      Objective: In this review we describe the approach taken by the National Children’s Study (NCS), a 21-year prospective study of 100,000 American children, to understanding the role of environmental factors in the development ...

    • Ethnic Differences in Body Composition and Obesity Related Risk Factors: Study in Chinese and White Males Living in China 

      Fan, Jinhui; Zhang, Gong; Wu, Jiang; Ji, Yong; Li, Songlin; Li, Yunping; Wang, Doug; Lee, Simin Gharib; Wang, Lei (Public Library of Science, 2011)
      The purpose of this cross-sectional observational study was to identify ethnic differences in body composition and obesity-related risk factors between Chinese and white males living in China. 115 Chinese and 114 white ...

    • Generalization of adiposity genetic loci to US Hispanic women 

      Graff, M; Fernández-Rhodes, L; Liu, S; Carlson, C; Wassertheil-Smoller, S; Neuhouser, M; Reiner, A; Kooperberg, C; Rampersaud, E; Manson, J E; Kuller, L H; Howard, B V; Ochs-Balcom, H M; Johnson, K C; Vitolins, M Z; Sucheston, L; Monda, K; North, K E (Nature Publishing Group, 2013)
      BACKGROUND: Obesity is a public health concern. Yet the identification of adiposity-related genetic variants among United States (US) Hispanics, which is the largest US minority group, remains largely unknown. OBJECTIVE: ...

    • Genome-Wide Association Analysis Identifies Variants Associated with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease That Have Distinct Effects on Metabolic Traits 

      Speliotes, Elizabeth K.; Yerges-Armstrong, Laura M.; Hernaez, Ruben; Gudnason, Vilmundur; Eiriksdottir, Gudny; Garcia, Melissa E.; Launer, Lenore J.; Nalls, Michael A.; Clark, Jeanne M.; Mitchell, Braxton D.; Shuldiner, Alan R.; Butler, Johannah L.; Tomas, Marta; Hwang, Shih-Jen; Massaro, Joseph M.; Salomaa, Veikko; Schadt, Eric E.; Schwartz, Stephen M.; Siscovick, David S.; Voight, Benjamin F.; Feitosa, Mary F.; Harris, Tamara B.; Smith, Albert V.; Borecki, Ingrid B.; Wu, Jun; Kim, Lauren J.; Palmer, Cameron D.; Hoffmann, Udo; Sahani, Dushyant V.; Carr, J. Jeffrey; Fox, Caroline; Kao, W. H. Linda; Hirschhorn, Joel Naom; O'Donnell, Christopher Joseph; NASH CRN; GIANT Consortium; MAGIC Investigators (Public Library of Science, 2011)
      Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) clusters in families, but the only known common genetic variants influencing risk are near PNPLA3. We sought to identify additional genetic variants influencing NAFLD using genome-wide ...

    • Genome-Wide Association Scan Meta-Analysis Identifies Three Loci Influencing Adiposity and Fat Distribution 

      Lindgren, Cecilia M.; Heid, Iris M.; Randall, Joshua C.; Lamina, Claudia; Steinthorsdottir, Valgerdur; Speliotes, Elizabeth K.; Thorleifsson, Gudmar; Willer, Cristen J.; Herrera, Blanca M.; Jackson, Anne U.; Lim, Noha; Scheet, Paul; Soranzo, Nicole; Amin, Najaf; Aulchenko, Yurii S.; Chambers, John C.; Drong, Alexander; Luan, Jian'an; Rivadeneira, Fernando; Sanna, Serena; Timpson, Nicholas J.; Zillikens, M. Carola; Almgren, Peter; Bandinelli, Stefania; Bennett, Amanda J.; Bergman, Richard N.; Bonnycastle, Lori L.; Bumpstead, Suzannah J.; Chanock, Stephen J.; Cherkas, Lynn; Chines, Peter; Coin, Lachlan; Cooper, Cyrus; Crawford, Gabriel; Doering, Angela; Dominiczak, Anna; Doney, Alex S. F.; Ebrahim, Shah; Elliott, Paul; Erdos, Michael R.; Estrada, Karol; Ferrucci, Luigi; Fischer, Guido; Forouhi, Nita G.; Gieger, Christian; Grallert, Harald; Groves, Christopher J.; Grundy, Scott; Guiducci, Candace; Hadley, David; Hamsten, Anders; Havulinna, Aki S.; Holle, Rolf; Holloway, John W.; Illig, Thomas; Isomaa, Bo; Jacobs, Leonie C.; Jameson, Karen; Jousilahti, Pekka; Karpe, Fredrik; Kuusisto, Johanna; Laitinen, Jaana; Lathrop, G. Mark; Lawlor, Debbie A.; Mangino, Massimo; McArdle, Wendy L.; Meitinger, Thomas; Morken, Mario A.; Morris, Andrew P.; Munroe, Patricia; Narisu, Narisu; Nordström, Anna; Nordström, Peter; Oostra, Ben A.; Palmer, Colin N. A.; Payne, Felicity; Peden, John F.; Prokopenko, Inga; Renström, Frida; Ruokonen, Aimo; Salomaa, Veikko; Sandhu, Manjinder S.; Scuteri, Angelo; Silander, Kaisa; Song, Kijoung; Stringham, Heather M.; Swift, Amy J.; Tuomi, Tiinamaija; Uda, Manuela; Vollenweider, Peter; Waeber, Gerard; Wallace, Chris; Walters, G. Bragi; Weedon, Michael N.; Witteman, Jacqueline C. M.; Zhang, Cuilin; Zhang, Weihua; Caulfield, Mark J.; Collins, Francis S.; Davey Smith, George; Day, Ian N. M.; Franks, Paul W.; Hattersley, Andrew T.; Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta; Kong, Augustine; Kooner, Jaspal S.; Laakso, Markku; Lakatta, Edward; Mooser, Vincent; Morris, Andrew D.; Peltonen, Leena; Samani, Nilesh J.; Spector, Timothy D.; Strachan, David P.; Tanaka, Toshiko; Tuomilehto, Jaakko; Uitterlinden, André G.; van Duijn, Cornelia M.; Wareham, Nicholas J.; Waterworth, Dawn M.; Boehnke, Michael; Deloukas, Panos; Groop, Leif; Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur; Schlessinger, David; Wichmann, H.-Erich; Frayling, Timothy M.; Abecasis, Gonçalo R.; Loos, Ruth J. F.; Stefansson, Kari; Mohlke, Karen L.; Barroso, Inês; Hirschhorn, Joel Naom; McCarthy, Mark I.; Watkins, Hugh; The Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium; Hunter, David J.; Hu, Frank B.; Yuan, Xin; Scott, Laura J.; Hofman, Albert; Zhao, Jing Hua; Lyon, Helen N; Qi, Lu (Public Library of Science, 2009)
      To identify genetic loci influencing central obesity and fat distribution, we performed a meta-analysis of 16 genome-wide association studies (GWAS, N = 38,580) informative for adult waist circumference (WC) and waist–hip ...

    • A Genome-Wide Association Study Reveals Variants in ARL15 that Influence Adiponectin Levels 

      Waterworth, Dawn; O'Rahilly, Stephen; Hivert, Marie-France; Loos, Ruth J. F.; Tanaka, Toshiko; Timpson, Nicholas John; Semple, Robert K.; Soranzo, Nicole; Song, Kijoung; Rocha, Nuno; Grundberg, Elin; Dupuis, Josée; Langenberg, Claudia; Prokopenko, Inga; Sladek, Robert; Aulchenko, Yurii; Waeber, Gerard; Erdmann, Jeanette; Burnett, Mary-Susan; Sattar, Naveed; Devaney, Joseph; Willenborg, Christina; Hingorani, Aroon; Witteman, Jaquelin C. M.; Vollenweider, Peter; Glaser, Beate; Hengstenberg, Christian; Ferrucci, Luigi; Melzer, David; Stark, Klaus; Deanfield, John; Winogradow, Janina; Grassl, Martina; Hall, Alistair S.; Egan, Josephine M.; Ricketts, Sally L.; König, Inke R.; Reinhard, Wibke; Grundy, Scott; Wichmann, H-Erich; Barter, Phil; Mahley, Robert; Kesaniemi, Y. Antero; Rader, Daniel J.; Reilly, Muredach P.; Stewart, Alexandre F. R.; Van Duijn, Cornelia M.; Schunkert, Heribert; Burling, Keith; Deloukas, Panos; Pastinen, Tomi; Samani, Nilesh J.; McPherson, Ruth; Davey Smith, George; Frayling, Timothy M.; Wareham, Nicholas J.; Mooser, Vincent; Spector, Tim D.; Richards, J. Brent; Florez, Jose Carlos; Perry, John R.B.; Saxena, Richa; Evans, David; Meigs, James Benjamin; Thompson, John R.; Epstein, Stephen E. (Public Library of Science, 2009)
      The adipocyte-derived protein adiponectin is highly heritable and inversely associated with risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) and coronary heart disease (CHD). We meta-analyzed 3 genome-wide association studies for ...

    • Glutathione S-Transferase Polymorphisms, Passive Smoking, Obesity, and Heart Rate Variability in Nonsmokers 

      Probst-Hensch, Nicole M.; Imboden, Medea; Dietrich, Denise Felber; Barthélemy, Jean-Claude; Ackermann-Liebrich, Ursula; Berger, Wolfgang; Gaspoz, Jean-Michel; Schwartz, Joel David (National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 2008)
      Background: Disturbances of heart rate variability (HRV) may represent one pathway by which second-hand smoke (SHS) and air pollutants affect cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The mechanisms are poorly understood. ...

    • A Guanidine-rich Regulatory Oligodeoxynucleotide Improves Type-2 Diabetes in Obese Mice by Blocking T-cell Differentiation 

      Cheng, Xiang; Wang, Jing; Xia, Ni; Yan, Xin-Xin; Tang, Ting-Ting; Chen, Han; Zhang, Hong-Jian; Liu, Juan; Kong, Wen; Sjöberg, Sara; Folco, Eduardo; Libby, Peter; Liao, Yu-Hua; Shi, Guo-Ping (WILEY-VCH Verlag, 2012)
      T lymphocytes exhibit pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory activities in obesity and diabetes, depending on their subtypes. Guanidine-rich immunosuppressive oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) effectively control Th1/Th2-cell ...

    • IL-17 producing innate lymphoid cells and the NLRP3 inflammasome facilitate obesity-associated airway hyperreactivity 

      Kim, Hye Young; Lee, Hyun Jun; Chang, Ya-Jen; Pichavant, Muriel; Shore, Stephanie A.; Fitzgerald, Katherine A.; Iwakura, Yoichiro; Israel, Elliot; Bolger, Kenneth; Faul, John; DeKruyff, Rosemarie H.; Umetsu, Dale T. (2014)
      Obesity is associated with the development of asthma and considerable asthma-related healthcare utilization. To understand the immunological pathways that lead to obesity-associated asthma, we fed mice a high fat diet for ...

    • Importance of Reward and Prefrontal Circuitry in Hunger and Satiety: Prader-Willi Syndrome vs. Simple Obesity 

      Holsen, Laura M; Savage, Cary R.; Martin, Laura E.; Bruce, Amanda S.; Lepping, Rebecca J.; Ko, Eunice; Brooks, William M.; Butler, Merlin G.; Zarcone, Jennifer R.; Goldstein, Jill M. (2011)
      Background: The majority of research on obesity has focused primarily on clinical features (eating behavior, adiposity measures), or peripheral appetite-regulatory peptides (leptin, ghrelin). However, recent functional ...

    • Inflammasomes: Molecular Regulation and Implications for Metabolic and Cognitive Diseases 

      Choi, Alexander J.S.; Ryter, Stefan W. (Korean Society for Molecular and Cellular Biology, 2014)
      Inflammasomes are specialized signaling platforms critical for the regulation of innate immune and inflammatory responses. Various NLR family members (i.e., NLRP1, NLRP3, and IPAF) as well as the PYHIN family member AIM2 ...

    • Leptin and Its Emerging Role in Children and Adolescents 

      Kelesidis, Iosif; Mantzoros, Christos S. (The Japanese Society for Pediatric Endocrinology, 2006)
      Leptin is an adipocyte-secreted hormone which plays a key role in energy homeostasis. Recent “proof of concept” studies involving leptin administration to humans support its critical role in regulating energy homeostasis, ...

    • Long-Term Effects of Changes in Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Body Mass Index on All-Cause and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality in Men: The Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study 

      Lee, D.-c.; Sui, X.; Artero, E. G.; Lee, I-Min; Church, T. S.; McAuley, P. A.; Stanford, Fatima Cody; Kohl, H. W.; Blair, S. N. (Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), 2011)
      Background The combined associations of changes in cardiorespiratory fitness and body mass index (BMI) with mortality remain controversial and uncertain. Methods and Results We examined the independent and combined ...

    • Myeloid Cell-Restricted Insulin Receptor Deficiency Protects Against Obesity-Induced Inflammation and Systemic Insulin Resistance 

      Mauer, Jan; Chaurasia, Bhagirath; Plum, Leona; Quast, Thomas; Hampel, Brigitte; Blüher, Matthias; Kolanus, Waldemar; Kahn, C. Ronald; Brüning, Jens C. (Public Library of Science, 2010)
      A major component of obesity-related insulin resistance is the establishment of a chronic inflammatory state with invasion of white adipose tissue by mononuclear cells. This results in the release of pro-inflammatory ...

    • Myocardial Tissue Remodeling in Adolescent Obesity 

      Shah, Ravi V.; Abbasi, Siddique A.; Neilan, Tomas G.; Hulten, Edward; Coelho‐Filho, Otavio; Hoppin, Alison; Levitsky, Lynne; de Ferranti, Sarah; Rhodes, Erinn T.; Traum, Avram; Goodman, Elizabeth; Feng, Henry; Heydari, Bobak; Harris, William S.; Hoefner, Daniel M.; McConnell, Joseph P.; Seethamraju, Ravi; Rickers, Carsten; Kwong, Raymond Y.; Jerosch‐Herold, Michael (Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2013)
      Background: Childhood obesity is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease in adulthood. Although ventricular remodeling has been reported in obese youth, early tissue‐level markers within the myocardium that ...

    • Natural Killer Cells in Obesity: Impaired Function and Increased Susceptibility to the Effects of Cigarette Smoke 

      Cawood, Tom J.; O'Farrelly, Cliona; Zimmer, Jacques; O'Shea, Donal; Lynch, Lydia (Public Library of Science, 2010)
      Background: Obese individuals who smoke have a 14 year reduction in life expectancy. Both obesity and smoking are independantly associated with increased risk of malignancy. Natural killer cells (NK) are critical mediators ...

    • New insights into adipocyte-specific leptin gene expression 

      Wrann, Christiane D.; Rosen, Evan D. (Landes Bioscience, 2012)
      The adipocyte-derived hormone leptin is a critical regulator of many physiological functions, ranging from satiety to immunity. Surprisingly, very little is known about the transcriptional pathways that regulate ...