GSD Scholarly Articles
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://dash.harvard.edu/handle/1/3345926
This collection provides open access to peer reviewed scholarly articles authored or co-authored by faculty, staff, and students of the Graduate School of Art and Design. All material in the repository is also harvested by search engines (such as Google Scholar) and Open Archives Initiative data harvesters.
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Publication Advancing Housing and Health Equity for Older Adults: Pandemic Innovations and Policy Ideas(Joint Center for Housing Studies, 2022)During the pandemic, many older adults faced social isolation and disruptions in access to food, medical care, and supportive services. In response, organizations that support older people improvised solutions to address these challenges. This report, co-authored with The Hastings Center, examines how these responses, most of which were intended to be temporary, might improve housing and supports for older adults and address longstanding inequities.Publication Improving America's Housing 2023(Joint Center for Housing Studies, 2023)Sparked by pandemic-induced changes in household routines and use of living space, home improvement and repair spending soared to new heights in 2022, reaching an estimated $567 billion. Despite this enormous investment, the nation’s homes need more investment to prepare against disasters, improve energy efficiency, and meet the needs of an aging population.Publication Responses of 73 Ecologists Important in Developing the Foundations of Ecology: Summary of a 1952–59 and 1972 Survey(Wiley, 2021-11-03) Forman, RichardMany of the early leading ecologists, especially Americans, were surveyed (primarily between 1952 and 1959) to learn what (1) initially inspired an ecological interest, (2) stimulated a major career direction in ecology, and (3) was one’s major career accomplishment. Patterns of responses from 73 ecologists, primarily in their own words using their own typewriters, are summarized. Yale, Duke, Illinois, Michigan, Oxford, and Wisconsin are the most frequent primary institutions of respondents, who were initially not only concentrated in the U.S. Midwest, but also working in the Northeast, South, West, and abroad. The initial ecological stimulus of survey respondents was most reported as plants, between ages 9 and 11, and a parent. Victor Shelford, Henry Cowles, Edgar Transeau, and Stanley Cain were most mentioned as catalysts of a career direction. Also, the opportunity to teach or work in a new place, or reading a key publication(s), often inspired a career direction. The many early ecologists most frequently knew or interacted with H. Cowles, M. Buell, F. Clements, V. Shelford, S. Cain, and H. Oosting. The most frequent major accomplishments or contributions reported by a leading ecologist were analysis of the ecology, vegetation, or flora of a particular area; elucidated ecosystem, productivity, and nutrients; produced a book(s); furthered understanding of natural communities or vegetation; analyzed succession or vegetation dynamics; and established or ran an administrative unit or natural reserve. These survey response patterns are complemented by a wide range of specific responses by individuals. Selected unusual observations and experiences provide insight into the leading ecologists as people. A perspective provides key insights into the survey, the earliest phase of ecology and its later maturation, and environmental/social conditions affecting early ecologists and ecology.Publication Exceedance Degree‐Hours: A new method for assessing long‐term thermal conditions(Wiley, 2021-05-17) Salimi, Shide; Estrella Guillén, Esteban; Samuelson, Holly; Samuelson, HollyPublication The Economic Effects of Green Spaces between Planned and Unplanned Communities in Los Angeles County(Locke Science Publishing Company, 2018-12) Kim, Seung Kyum; Peiser, RichardThis paper examines the relationship between the sale price of single-family properties and green-space characteristics for three communities in Los Angeles County. The results shed light on how green spaces geographically influence property values in two different prototypes of urban growth: planned versus unplanned communities. Quantitative results reveal that property values inconsistently reflect the five major attributes of green spaces (view, distance, size, type, character). In the planned community, active recreational green spaces have a negative impact on property values, while views, larger-sized green spaces, proximities to parks, greenways, and passive recreational green spaces have significant positive impacts. In contrast, in the communities characterized by unplanned growth, only proximity to park is directly reflected in housing values. The findings signify that different attributes of green spaces impact property values in unique ways in planned versus unplanned communities. Considering overall effects, green spaces have a more positive influence on housing values in a planned community.Publication In pursuit of a well-balanced network of cities and towns: A case study of the Changjiang Delta Region in China(SAGE Publications, 2017) Guan, ChengHe; Rowe, PeterDevelopment of urban networks of cities and towns has received attention including discussions of tensions between population concentrations and overlaps with environmentally sensitive and disaster-prone areas. Moreover, certain development in broad regions of China, such as its deltas, has become a subject of debate. Contrary to some assumptions, this development within places like the Changjiang Delta (also known as the Yangtze River Delta) has proceeded in a relatively incremental manner. However, at this juncture, controlled development of larger cities, like Shanghai, has shifted to more conventional urbanization pathways forward involving larger city expansions. Nevertheless, further urban growth management appears to depend on development and maintenance of a well-balanced network of large, medium, and small-scaled cities and towns. An important aspect of this development involves definition of the Changjiang Delta region itself, and in particular, alongside its likely further economic performance. To these ends, a scenario based Cellular Automata model of spatial distribution is deployed, reflecting separate thematic projections. A baseline for economic performance is developed, incorporating measures of fixed asset investment in urban service, revenue from urban maintenance, and Gross Domestic Product. Revelation of a well-performing network involves spatial distribution of development at various scales, and in various concentrations within the region, moreover, location of this development, largely perpendicular to well-travelled corridors, appears as a preferable outcome, contrary to earlier depictions along the major transportation corridors.Publication Architecture and the virtual: towards a new materiality.Picon, AntoinePublication Striking balances between China’s urban communities, blocks and their layouts(2016) Guan, ChengHe; Rowe, PeterPublication BioComplexity, Systems Thinking, and Multi-Scale Dynamic Simulation: Foundations of Geodesign(VDE-Verlag, 2014) Ervin, StephenLandscape Architecture and Planning have long used visual simulations for design ideation and communication, but the complex demands of the twenty-first century will require more than simply visual simulations; dynamic simulations across a spectrum of scientific, social and perceptual issues will be key to effective design in the future. The new science and art of ‘geodesign’ promises to harness digital and computational technologies, from Geographic Information Sciences (GIS) and remote sensing to software engineering and algorithmic design, in the service of imagining, designing, simulating, implementing, and evaluating better environments, worldwide, enabling collaborative design informed by scientific knowledge. Landscape ecology, engineering, and other disciplines have contributed non-visual, and sometimes non-static, analyses to the repertoire of impact assessment in natural systems management, transportation, energy, and urbanization projects, etc., but these additions are mostly still of limited scope and complexity. The interrelated nature of natural systems at all scales is still only becoming apparent to us and to the scientific community, as the recent interest in ‘biocomplexity’ and ‘systems thinking’ demonstrates (e.g. NSF Biocomplexity initiative). Increasingly, geodesign projects will need to incorporate systems thinking across all aspects of the process, be informed by the findings of biocomplexity research, and make maximum use of multi-scale dynamic simulations in the process of evaluating impacts of proposed designsPublication Congested Cities vs. Sprawl Makes You Fat: Unpacking the Health Effects of Planning Density(Liverpool University Press, 2018-06) Forsyth, AnnSince the contemporary version of urban planning emerged in the nineteenth century, the field has been centrally concerned with the issue of density. Planners have variously tried to solve problems created by densities that were too high or too low, manipulate densities via regulations and infrastructure investments, and search for optimal density patterns to achieve social and environmental goals. Density has been of particular interest because, depending on the topic, different density levels and types appear to cause problems or create benefits, can typically be measured and compared with some precision, and are amenable to manipulation via the toolkit of urban and regional planning strategies. Here, Forsyth defines and classifies planning-related densities proposing that measured planning-relevant densities come in two types--discrete and proportional--both with area in the denominator of the calculation.