Browsing Faculty of Arts and Sciences by Keyword "Biology, Cell"
Now showing items 1-20 of 127
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Activation and Antagonism of RIG-I-Mediated Innate Immune Signaling by Herpes Simplex Virus 1
(2018-01-16)The cytosolic innate immune receptor retinoic acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I) recognizes double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) that emerges during viral infection and initiates an antiviral response comprised of interferon (IFN) and ... -
Bioinformatic and molecular study of the regulation of SIRT3 expression
(2015-01-29)Calorie restriction (CR) is a dietary intervention that extends lifespan, delays the onset of age-related diseases, and induces a wide-ranging metabolic adaptation in multiple model organisms. One of its primary effectors ... -
Biophysics of Kinetochore-Microtubule Interaction: Quantitative Measurement of NDC80 Binding in Cell Using FLIM-FRET
(2017-05-12)Chromosome motion during cell division is driven by coupling the dynamic ends of microtubules to the kinetochore. Erroneous kinetochore-microtubule attachments frequently occur in early mitosis, but are corrected to prevent ... -
Cell Shape and Treatment Duration: How They Influence a Cancer Cell's Response to TNF
(2016-05-17)The purpose of my research was to investigate the sources of heterogeneity in cellular decisions that are based on both external and internal cues. I used the signaling network induced by tumor necrosis factor (TNF) as a ... -
Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Chronic Inflammation in Aging of Skeletal Muscle
(2015-05-13)Aging of skeletal muscle is typically accompanied by declining regenerative potential, due in part to alternations in the resident muscle stem cell population, known as satellite cells. Previous data suggest that highly ... -
Characterization and Disruption of Cis Regulatory Elements in Cancer
(2016-05-11)Enhancers are cis regulatory elements that play key roles in the control of cell-type specific gene expression programs. In cancer, enhancer deregulation plays a key role in maintaining gene regulatory programs that underlie ... -
Clonal analysis of native and malignant hematopoiesis using color barcoding in zebrafish
(2018-01-19)Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) emerge from the dorsal aorta during embryogenesis and sustain lifelong blood production. Over time, HSC clones accumulate mutations that may cause clonal expansion at the expense of normal ... -
Clp-Mediated Regulation of the Mycobacterial Cell Cycle
(2017-04-12)Tuberculosis is currently the most deadly infectious disease worldwide. Given the high rates of treatment failure, new antibiotics are desperately needed. Antibacterial drugs typically target DNA replication, cell growth, ... -
Combinatorial Pathway Modulation Toward Ex Vivo Maintenance and Propagation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells
(2016-05-18)Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) sustain continuous turnover and maintenance of all blood lineages through organismal lifespan. The extensive regenerative potential of HSCs has been harnessed in transplantation medicine ... -
Consequences of Caspase Inhibition in Differentiating Myoblasts
(2017-09-07)The apoptotic caspases are proteases that mediate the process of programmed cell death. Canonically, their activation is a point of no return; however, the disruption of myoblast differentiation resulting from caspase ... -
Control of HIV-1C Replication Both in Vivo and in Vitro
(2015-05-18)In this study, we established an HIV latency model using pluripotent stem cells in vitro. We found that a HIV accessory protein nef is responsible for full-length HIV silencing in human pluripotent stem cells. This effect ... -
Defining a Role for T Regulatory Cell Expressed MyD88 During the Response to Allografts
(2015-11-16)The myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88) is an adaptor protein proximally downstream of the Toll-like receptor (TLRs) and the IL-1 receptor family (IL-1R, IL- 18R and IL-33R). The TLR-MyD88 signaling ... -
Defining the Essential Function of Yeast Hsf1 Reveals a Compact Transcriptional Program for Maintaining Eukaryotic Proteostasis
(2016-05-14)Despite its eponymous association with proteotoxic stress, heat shock factor 1 (Hsf1 in yeast and HSF1 in mammals) is required for viability of yeast and many human cancer cells, yet its essential role remains undefined. ... -
Developments in Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Genome Engineering and in Situ Sequencing Technologies
(2015-05-19)Technology is a key driving force in the advancement of scientific discoveries. While DNA sequencing uncovered the blueprint of life encoded in the human genome, functional roles of sequence variants remain largely unknown. ... -
The Discovery and Characterization of the lncRNA Firre
(2015-05-08)RNAs, including long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA), are known to be abundant and important structural components of the nuclear infrastructure. Yet, the identities, functional roles, and localization dynamics of lncRNAs that ... -
Discovery of Small-Molecule Autophagy Modulators in Mammalian Systems
(2016-06-07)Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved catabolic process in eukaryotes, which involves the formation of double-membrane vesicles that enclose cellular components and fuse with lysosomes. Autophagy is critical to the ... -
Dissecting Molecular Similarities and Differences Between Pluripotent Stem Cell Lines
(2015-05-16)Traditionally, pluripotent stem cells are derived from preimplantation embryos and fetal germ cells, which give rise to embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and embryonic germ cells (EGCs), respectively, In contrast, induced ... -
The Effect of Development and Ecology on the Evolution of Ovary Size in Drosophila
(2015-05-20)How the size of an organ is established and altered during evolution is poorly understood. The ovary of fruit flies of the genus Drosophila serves as an interesting model for understanding organ size evolution, as the ... -
Effects of Matrix Mechanics on Secretion of Leukocyte Chemoattractants From Bone-Marrow Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells
(2016-06-21)Recent advances in biology have revealed that inflammation may be a key link between a number of prevalent diseases including cardiovascular disease and cancer. That hypothesis is strengthened by the fact that inflammation ... -
Elucidating Pathways of Classical and Alternative Pathways of Non-Homologous End-Joining in B-Lymphocytes
(2017-05-10)DNA double-stranded breaks (DSBs), if not properly repaired, drive genomic instability. Accordingly, mammalian cells employ classical non-homologous end-joining (C-NHEJ) to repair DSBs generated throughout interphase, ...