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Poverty, Disease, and the Ecology of Complex Systems
(Public Library of Science, 2014)
Understanding why some human populations remain persistently poor remains a significant challenge for both the social and natural sciences. The extremely poor are generally reliant on their immediate natural resource base ...
Nutrient Patterns and Their Food Sources in an International Study Setting: Report from the EPIC Study
(Public Library of Science, 2014)
Background: Compared to food patterns, nutrient patterns have been rarely used particularly at international level. We studied, in the context of a multi-center study with heterogeneous data, the methodological challenges ...
Trends in Severity of Illness on ICU Admission and Mortality among the Elderly
(Public Library of Science, 2014)
Background: There is an increase in admission rate for elderly patients to the ICU. Mortality rates are lower when more liberal ICU admission threshold are compared to more restrictive threshold. We sought to describe the ...
Modeling to Predict Cases of Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome in Chile
(Public Library of Science, 2014)
Background: Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) is a life threatening disease transmitted by the rodent Oligoryzomys longicaudatus in Chile. Hantavirus outbreaks are typically small and geographically confined. Several ...
Age-Related Macular Degeneration and the Incidence of Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
(Public Library of Science, 2014)
Importance Research has indicated some shared pathogenic mechanisms between age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, results from prior epidemiologic studies have been inconsistent ...
Preterm Birth and Antidepressant Medication Use during Pregnancy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
(Public Library of Science, 2014)
Introduction: Preterm birth is a major contributor to neonatal morbidity and mortality and its rate has been increasing over the past two decades. Antidepressant medication use during pregnancy has also been rising, with ...
Development, Calibration and Performance of an HIV Transmission Model Incorporating Natural History and Behavioral Patterns: Application in South Africa
(Public Library of Science, 2014)
Understanding HIV transmission dynamics is critical to estimating the potential population-wide impact of HIV prevention and treatment interventions. We developed an individual-based simulation model of the heterosexual ...
Simple Methods of Determining Confidence Intervals for Functions of Estimates in Published Results
(Public Library of Science, 2014)
Often, the reader of a published paper is interested in a comparison of parameters that has not been presented. It is not possible to make inferences beyond point estimation since the standard error for the contrast of the ...
Household Transmission of Vibrio cholerae in Bangladesh
(Public Library of Science, 2014)
Background: Vibrio cholerae infections cluster in households. This study's objective was to quantify the relative contribution of direct, within-household exposure (for example, via contamination of household food, water, ...
The Separatrix Algorithm for Synthesis and Analysis of Stochastic Simulations with Applications in Disease Modeling
(Public Library of Science, 2014)
Decision makers in epidemiology and other disciplines are faced with the daunting challenge of designing interventions that will be successful with high probability and robust against a multitude of uncertainties. To ...