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Linking Metabolic Rates with the Diversity and Functional Capacity of Endolithic Microbial Communities within Hydrothermal Vent Structures
(2013-10-18)
At hydrothermal vents, thermal and chemical gradients generated by the mixing of hydrothermal fluids with seawater provide diverse niches for prokaryotic communities. To date, our knowledge of environmental factors that ...
Mapping the Fitness Landscape of Gene Expression Uncovers the Cause of Antagonism and Sign Epistasis between Adaptive Mutations
(Public Library of Science, 2014)
How do adapting populations navigate the tensions between the costs of gene expression and the benefits of gene products to optimize the levels of many genes at once? Here we combined independently-arising beneficial ...
Post-Translational Regulation via Clp Protease Is Critical for Survival of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
(Public Library of Science, 2014)
Unlike most bacterial species, Mycobacterium tuberculosis depends on the Clp proteolysis system for survival even in in vitro conditions. We hypothesized that Clp is required for the physiologic turnover of mycobacterial ...
Plasma Concentrations, Efficacy and Safety of Efavirenz in HIV-Infected Adults Treated for Tuberculosis in Cambodia (ANRS 1295-CIPRA KH001 CAMELIA Trial)
(Public Library of Science, 2014)
Objective: To assess efavirenz plasma concentrations and their association with treatment efficacy and tolerance of efavirenz 600 mg daily in HIV-tuberculosis co-infected patients. Methods: HIV-infected adults with CD4+ T ...
Lassa Fever in Post-Conflict Sierra Leone
(Public Library of Science, 2014)
Background: Lassa fever (LF), an often-fatal hemorrhagic disease caused by Lassa virus (LASV), is a major public health threat in West Africa. When the violent civil conflict in Sierra Leone (1991 to 2002) ended, an ...
Production of α-Galactosylceramide by a Prominent Member of the Human Gut Microbiota
(Public Library of Science, 2013)
While the human gut microbiota are suspected to produce diffusible small molecules that modulate host signaling pathways, few of these molecules have been identified. Species of Bacteroides and their relatives, which often ...
Archaea and Fungi of the Human Gut Microbiome: Correlations with Diet and Bacterial Residents
(Public Library of Science, 2013)
Diet influences health as a source of nutrients and toxins, and by shaping the composition of resident microbial populations. Previous studies have begun to map out associations between diet and the bacteria and viruses ...
Loss and Recovery of Genetic Diversity in Adapting Populations of HIV
(Public Library of Science, 2014)
The evolution of drug resistance in HIV occurs by the fixation of specific, well-known, drug-resistance mutations, but the underlying population genetic processes are not well understood. By analyzing within-patient ...
Metabolic Erosion Primarily Through Mutation Accumulation, and Not Tradeoffs, Drives Limited Evolution of Substrate Specificity in Escherichia coli
(Public Library of Science, 2014)
Evolutionary adaptation to a constant environment is often accompanied by specialization and a reduction of fitness in other environments. We assayed the ability of the Lenski Escherichia coli populations to grow on a range ...
Whole Animal Automated Platform for Drug Discovery against Multi-Drug Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
(Public Library of Science, 2014)
Staphylococcus aureus, the leading cause of hospital-acquired infections in the United States, is also pathogenic to the model nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. The C. elegans-S. aureus infection model was previously carried ...