Characteristics of Planetary Candidates Observed by Kepler . Ii. Analysis of the First Four Months of Data
Author
Borucki, William J.
Koch, David G.
Basri, Gibor
Batalha, Natalie
Brown, Timothy M.
Bryson, Stephen T.
Caldwell, Douglas
Christensen-Dalsgaard, Jørgen
Cochran, William D.
DeVore, Edna
Dunham, Edward W.
Gautier, Thomas N.
Geary, John C.
Gilliland, Ronald
Gould, Alan
Howell, Steve B.
Jenkins, Jon M.
Latham, David W.
Lissauer, Jack J.
Marcy, Geoffrey W.
Rowe, Jason
Sasselov, Dimitar
Boss, Alan
Charbonneau, David
Ciardi, David
Doyle, Laurance
Dupree, Andrea K.
Ford, Eric B.
Fortney, Jonathan
Holman, Matthew J.
Seager, Sara
Steffen, Jason H.
Tarter, Jill
Welsh, William F.
Allen, Christopher
Buchhave, Lars A.
Christiansen, Jessie L.
Clarke, Bruce D.
Das, Santanu
Désert, Jean-Michel
Endl, Michael
Fabrycky, Daniel
Fressin, Francois
Haas, Michael
Horch, Elliott
Howard, Andrew
Isaacson, Howard
Kjeldsen, Hans
Kolodziejczak, Jeffery
Kulesa, Craig
Li, Jie
Lucas, Philip W.
Machalek, Pavel
McCarthy, Donald
MacQueen, Phillip
Meibom, Søren
Miquel, Thibaut
Prsa, Andrej
Quinn, Samuel N.
Quintana, Elisa V.
Ragozzine, Darin
Sherry, William
Shporer, Avi
Tenenbaum, Peter
Torres, Guillermo
Twicken, Joseph D.
Van Cleve, Jeffrey
Walkowicz, Lucianne
Witteborn, Fred C.
Still, Martin
Published Version
https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/736/1/19Metadata
Show full item recordCitation
Borucki, William J., David G. Koch, Gibor Basri, Natalie Batalha, Timothy M. Brown, Stephen T. Bryson, Douglas Caldwell, et al. 2011. “CHARACTERISTICS OF PLANETARY CANDIDATES OBSERVED BYKEPLER. II. ANALYSIS OF THE FIRST FOUR MONTHS OF DATA.” The Astrophysical Journal 736 (1): 19. https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637x/736/1/19.Abstract
On 2011 February 1 the Kepler mission released data for 156,453 stars observed from the beginning of the science observations on 2009 May 2 through September 16. There are 1235 planetary candidates with transit-like signatures detected in this period. These are associated with 997 host stars. Distributions of the characteristics of the planetary candidates are separated into five class sizes: 68 candidates of approximately Earth-size (R-p < 1.25 R-circle plus), 288 super-Earth-size (1.25 R-circle plus <= R-p < 2 R-circle plus), 662 Neptune-size (2 R-circle plus <= R-p < 6 R-circle plus), 165 Jupiter-size (6 R-circle plus <= R-p < 15 R-circle plus), and 19 up to twice the size of Jupiter (15 R-circle plus <= R-p < 22 R-circle plus). In the temperature range appropriate for the habitable zone, 54 candidates are found with sizes ranging from Earth-size to larger than that of Jupiter. Six are less than twice the size of the Earth. Over 74% of the planetary candidates are smaller than Neptune. The observed number versus size distribution of planetary candidates increases to a peak at two to three times the Earth-size and then declines inversely proportional to the area of the candidate. Our current best estimates of the intrinsic frequencies of planetary candidates, after correcting for geometric and sensitivity biases, are 5% for Earth-size candidates, 8% for super-Earth-size candidates, 18% for Neptune-size candidates, 2% for Jupiter-size candidates, and 0.1% for very large candidates; a total of 0.34 candidates per star. Multi-candidate, transiting systems are frequent; 17% of the host stars have multi-candidate systems, and 34% of all the candidates are part of multi-candidate systems.Terms of Use
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