Browsing Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health by Title

Now showing items 4486-4505 of 6618

    • Orchestrated experience-driven Arc/Arg3.1 responses are disrupted in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease 

      Rudinskiy, Nikita; Hawkes, Jonathan M.; Betensky, Rebecca Aubrey; Eguchi, Megumi; Yamaguchi, Shun; Spires-Jones, Tara L.; Hyman, Bradley Theodore (2012)
      Experience-induced expression of immediate-early gene Arc/Arg3.1 is known to play a pivotal role in the consolidation of memory. Here we use in-vivo longitudinal multiphoton imaging to show orchestrated activity-dependent ...

    • Organizational culture in cardiovascular care in Chinese hospitals: a descriptive cross-sectional study 

      Yin, Emily S.; Downing, Nicholas S.; Li, Xi; Singer, Sara J.; Curry, Leslie A.; Li, Jing; Krumholz, Harlan M.; Jiang, Lixin (BioMed Central, 2015)
      Background: Organizational learning, the process by which a group changes its behavior in response to newly acquired knowledge, is critical to outstanding organizational performance. In hospitals, strong organizational ...

    • Origin and Proliferation of Multiple-Drug Resistance in Bacterial Pathogens 

      Chang, Hsiao-Han; Cohen, Ted; Grad, Yonatan Hagai; Hanage, William P.; O, Thomas F.; Lipsitch, Marc (American Society for Microbiology, 2015)
      SUMMARY: Many studies report the high prevalence of multiply drug-resistant (MDR) strains. Because MDR infections are often significantly harder and more expensive to treat, they represent a growing public health threat. ...

    • Origin, Methods, and Evolution of the Three Nurses’ Health Studies 

      Bao, Ying; Bertoia, Monica; Lenart, Elizabeth; Stampfer, Meir; Willett, Walter C.::94559ea206eef8a8844fc5b80654fa5b::600; Speizer, Frank; Chavarro, Jorge (American Public Health Association, 2016)
      We have summarized the evolution of the Nurses' Health Study (NHS), a prospective cohort study of 121 700 married registered nurses launched in 1976; NHS II, which began in 1989 and enrolled 116 430 nurses; and NHS3, which ...

    • Orthostatic Hypotension and the Long-Term Risk of Dementia: A Population-Based Study 

      Wolters, Frank J.; Mattace-Raso, Francesco U. S.; Koudstaal, Peter J.; Hofman, Albert; Ikram, M. Arfan (Public Library of Science, 2016)
      Background: Orthostatic hypotension (OH) is a common cause of transient cerebral hypoperfusion in the population. Cerebral hypoperfusion is widely implicated in cognitive impairment, but whether OH contributes to cognitive ...

    • Oseltamivir for treatment and prevention of pandemic influenza A/H1N1 virus infection in households, Milwaukee, 2009 

      Cowling, Benjamin J; Fang, Vicky J; Hagy, Angela; Reshef, David; Biedrzycki, Paul; Goldstein, Edward; O'Hagan, Justin John; Danon, Leon; Miller, Joel C.; Robins, James Matthew; Lipsitch, Marc (BioMed Central, 2010)
      Background: During an influenza pandemic, a substantial proportion of transmission is thought to occur in households. We used data on influenza progression in individuals and their contacts collected by the City of Milwaukee ...

    • Outcome-Driven Cluster Analysis with Application to Microarray Data 

      Hsu, Jessie J.; Finkelstein, Dianne M.; Schoenfeld, David A. (Public Library of Science, 2015)
      One goal of cluster analysis is to sort characteristics into groups (clusters) so that those in the same group are more highly correlated to each other than they are to those in other groups. An example is the search for ...

    • Outcomes among HIV-1 Infected Individuals First Starting Antiretroviral Therapy with Concurrent Active TB or Other AIDS-Defining Disease 

      Périssé, André R. S.; Smeaton, Laura; Chen, Yun; La Rosa, Alberto; Walawander, Ann; Nair, Apsara; Grinsztejn, Beatriz; Santos, Breno; Kanyama, Cecilia; Hakim, James; Nyirenda, Mulinda; Kumarasamy, Nagalingeswaran; Lalloo, Umesh G.; Flanigan, Timothy; Campbell, Thomas B.; Hughes, Michael D. (Public Library of Science, 2013)
      Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is common among HIV-infected individuals in many resource-limited countries and has been associated with poor survival. We evaluated morbidity and mortality among individuals first starting ...

    • Outcomes of Acute Chest Syndrome in Adult Patients with Sickle Cell Disease: Predictors of Mortality 

      Allareddy, Veerajalandhar; Roy, Aparna; Lee, Min Kyeong; Nalliah, Romesh P.; Rampa, Sankeerth; Allareddy, Veerasathpurush; Rotta, Alexandre T. (Public Library of Science, 2014)
      Adults with sickle cell disease(SCD) are a growing population. Recent national estimates of outcomes in acute chest syndrome(ACS) among adults with SCD are lacking. We describe the incidence, outcomes and predictors of ...

    • Outcomes of Ultrasound-guided Glen Humeral Corticosteroid Injections in Adhesive Capsulitis 

      Song, Amos; Katz, Jeffrey N.; Higgins, Laurence D.; Newman, Joel; Gomoll, Andreas; Jain, Nitin B. (2016)
      Aims To assess short and longer-term outcomes of ultrasound-guided glenohumeral corticosteroid injections for adhesive capsulitis. Study Design A mixed prospective and retrospective study design Place and Duration of Study ...

    • Outdoor Allergens 

      Burge, Harriet A.; Rogers, Christine Anne (The National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 2000)
      Outdoor allergens are an important part of the exposures that lead to allergic disease. Understanding the role of outdoor allergens requires a knowledge of the nature of outdoor allergen-bearing particles, the distributions ...

    • Outdoor Particulate Matter Exposure and Lung Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis 

      Hamra, Ghassan B.; Guha, Neela; Cohen, Aaron; Laden, Francine; Raaschou-Nielsen, Ole; Samet, Jonathan M.; Vineis, Paolo; Forastiere, Francesco; Saldiva, Paulo; Yorifuji, Takashi; Loomis, Dana (NLM-Export, 2014)
      Background: Particulate matter (PM) in outdoor air pollution was recently designated a Group I carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). This determination was based on the evidence regarding ...

    • Ovarian Reserve in Women Treated for Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia or Acute Myeloid Leukemia with Chemotherapy, but Not Stem Cell Transplantation 

      Rossi, Brooke V.; Missmer, Stacey Ann; Correia, Katharine Fischer Berry; Wadleigh, Martha; Ginsburg, Elizabeth Sarah (International Scholarly Research Network, 2012)
      Purpose: It is well known that chemotherapy regimens may have a negative effect on ovarian reserve, leading to amenorrhea or premature ovarian failure. There are little data regarding the effects of leukemia chemotherapy ...

    • Overdose rescues by trained and untrained participants and change in opioid use among substance-using participants in overdose education and naloxone distribution programs: a retrospective cohort study 

      Doe-Simkins, Maya; Quinn, Emily; Xuan, Ziming; Sorensen-Alawad, Amy; Hackman, Holly; Ozonoff, Al; Walley, Alexander Y (BioMed Central, 2014)
      Background: One approach to preventing opioid overdose, a leading cause of premature, preventable mortality, is to provide overdose education and naloxone distribution (OEND). Two outstanding issues for OEND implementation ...

    • Overestimates of Survival after HAART: Implications for Global Scale-Up Efforts 

      Bisson, Gregory P.; Gross, Robert; Bellamy, Scarlett; Mogorosi, Mpho; Avalos, Ava; Friedman, Harvey; Dickinson, Diana; Ndwapi, Ndwapi; Gaolathe, Tendani; Rollins, Caitlin Kantrowitz; Frank, Ian (Public Library of Science, 2008)
      Background: Monitoring the effectiveness of global antiretroviral therapy scale-up efforts in resource-limited settings is a global health priority, but is complicated by high rates of losses to follow-up after treatment ...

    • Overview of systematic reviews on the health-related effects of government tobacco control policies 

      Hoffman, Steven J.; Tan, Charlie (BioMed Central, 2015)
      Background: Government interventions are critical to addressing the global tobacco epidemic, a major public health problem that continues to deepen. We systematically synthesize research evidence on the effectiveness of ...

    • Overview: Viral Agents and Cancer. 

      Mueller, Nancy Elsa (The National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 1995)
      Substantial evidence indicates that several common viruses are clearly or probable causal factors in the etiology of specific malignancies. These viruses either normally establish latency or can become persistent infections. ...

    • Oxidation-specific biomarkers and risk of peripheral artery disease 

      Bertoia, Monica L.; Pai, Jennifer K.; Lee, Jun-Hee; Taleb, Adam; Joosten, Michel M.; Mittleman, Murray A.; Yang, Xiaohong; Witztum, Joseph L.; Rimm, Eric Bruce::0ab2926c8242f35e5a982e3cf59f4987::600; Tsimikas, Sotirios; Mukamal, Kenneth J. (Elsevier, 2013)
      Objectives The goal of this study was to examine the prospective association between oxidation-specific biomarkers, primarily oxidized phospholipids (OxPL) on apolipoprotein B-100-containing lipoproteins (OxPL/apoB) and ...

    • Oxytocin reduces caloric intake in men 

      Lawson, Elizabeth A.; Marengi, Dean A.; DeSanti, Rebecca L.; Holmes, Tara M.; Schoenfeld, David A.; Tolley, Christiane J. (2015)
      Objective: Preclinical studies indicate that oxytocin is anorexigenic and has beneficial metabolic effects. Oxytocin effects on nutrition and metabolism in humans are not well defined. We hypothesized that oxytocin would ...

    • Ozone exposure, vitamin C intake, and genetic susceptibility of asthmatic children in Mexico City: a cohort study 

      Moreno-Macías, Hortensia; Dockery, Douglas W.; Schwartz, Joel David; Gold, Diane R.; Laird, Nan M.; Sienra-Monge, Juan J; Del Río-Navarro, Blanca E; Ramírez-Aguilar, Matiana; Barraza-Villarreal, Albino; Li, Huiling; London, Stephanie J; Romieu, Isabelle (BioMed Central, 2013)
      Background: We previously reported that asthmatic children with GSTM1 null genotype may be more susceptible to the acute effect of ozone on the small airways and might benefit from antioxidant supplementation. This study ...