Browsing SPH Scholarly Articles by Title
Now showing items 4089-4108 of 6362
-
Need for a gender-sensitive human security framework: results of a quantitative study of human security and sexual violence in Djohong District, Cameroon
(BioMed Central, 2014)Background: Human security shifts traditional concepts of security from interstate conflict and the absence of war to the security of the individual. Broad definitions of human security include livelihoods and food security, ... -
Nef-Specific CD8+ T Cell Responses Contribute to HIV-1 Immune Control
(Public Library of Science, 2013)Recent studies in the SIV-macaque model of HIV infection suggest that Nef-specific CD8+ T-cell responses may mediate highly effective immune control of viraemia. In HIV infection Nef recognition dominates in acute infection, ... -
Negative binomial mixed models for analyzing microbiome count data
(BioMed Central, 2017)Background: Recent advances in next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology enable researchers to collect a large volume of metagenomic sequencing data. These data provide valuable resources for investigating interactions ... -
Negative confounding by essential fatty acids in methylmercury neurotoxicity associations
(Elsevier BV, 2014)Background Methylmercury, a worldwide contaminant of fish and seafood, can cause adverse effects on the developing nervous system. However, long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in seafood provide beneficial effects ... -
Negative Confounding in the Evaluation of Toxicity: The Case of Methylmercury in Fish and Seafood
(Informa UK Limited, 2008)In observational studies, the presence of confounding can distort the true association between an exposure and a toxic effect outcome if the confounding variable is not controlled either in the study design or the analysis ... -
Negative Controls: A Tool for Detecting Confounding and Bias in Observational Studies
(Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), 2010)Noncausal associations between exposures and outcomes are a threat to validity of causal inference in observational studies. Many techniques have been developed for study design and analysis to identify and eliminate such ... -
The neglected epidemic: road traffic injuries in developing countries
(BMJ, 2002)Road traffic injuries are a major cause of death and disability globally, with a disproportionate number occurring in developing countries.1,2 Road traffic injuries are currently ranked ninth globally among the leading ... -
Neighborhood built environment and physical activity of Japanese older adults: results from the Aichi Gerontological Evaluation Study (AGES)
(, 2011)Background: Although many studies have reported the association between neighborhood built environment (BE) and physical activity (PA), less is known about the associations for older populations or in countries besides the ... -
Neighborhood Contextual Influences on Depressive Symptoms in the Elderly
(, 2005)To understand whether neighborhood contexts contribute to the onset or maintenance of mental health problems independently of individual characteristics requires the use of multilevel study designs and analytical strategies. ... -
Neighborhood Deprivation Is Strongly Associated with Participation in a Population-Based Health Check
(Public Library of Science, 2015)Background: We sought to examine whether neighborhood deprivation is associated with participation in a large population-based health check. Such analyses will help answer the question whether health checks, which are ... -
Neighborhood Effects on the Self-Rated Health of Elders: Uncovering the Relative Importance of Structural and Service-Related Neighborhood Environments
(2006)Objectives. The purpose of this study was to investigate the independent relationship between neighborhood context (characterized through age structure, economic conditions, service provision, and residential stability) ... -
Neighborhood food environment and body mass index among Japanese older adults: results from the Aichi Gerontological Evaluation Study (AGES)
(, 2011)Background: The majority of studies of the local food environment in relation to obesity risk have been conducted in the US, UK, and Australia. The evidence remains limited to western societies. The aim of this paper is ... -
Neighborhood Influences on Perceived Social Support Among Parents: Findings from the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods
(Public Library of Science, 2012)Background: Social support is frequently linked to positive parenting behavior. Similarly, studies increasingly show a link between neighborhood residential environment and positive parenting behavior. However, less is ... -
Neighborhood Self-Selection: The Role of Pre-Move Health Factors on the Built and Socioeconomic Environment
(MDPI, 2015)Residential self-selection bias is a concern in studies of neighborhoods and health. This bias results from health behaviors predicting neighborhood choice. To quantify this bias, we examined associations between pre-move ... -
Neighborhood social capital and infant physical abuse: a population-based study in Japan
(BioMed Central, 2016)Purpose We sought to investigate the relationship between neighborhood social capital and infant physical abuse using a population-based sample of women with 4-month-old infants in Japan. Methods: A questionnaire was ... -
Neighborhood Social Capital in Relation to Late HIV Diagnosis, Linkage to HIV Care, and HIV Care Engagement
(, 2017)High neighborhood social capital could facilitate earlier diagnosis of HIV and higher rates of linkage and HIV care engagement. Multivariate analysis was used to examine whether social capital (social cohesion, social ... -
Neighborhood social capital is associated with participation in health checks of a general population: a multilevel analysis of a population-based lifestyle intervention- the Inter99 study
(BioMed Central, 2015)Background: Participation in population-based preventive health check has declined over the past decades. More research is needed to determine factors enhancing participation. The objective of this study was to examine the ... -
Neighborhood socioeconomic status and behavioral pathways to risks of colon and rectal cancer in women
(Springer Nature (Nature Research), 2010)BACKGROUND: Neighborhood amenities and resources plausibly determine individual modifiable risk factors for colon and rectal cancer. Evidence on the associations between neighborhood socioeconomic status (SES) and incident ... -
Neighborhood Socioeconomic Status in Relation to Preterm Birth in a U.S. Cohort of Black Women
(Springer Verlag, 2013)This study examines the association between neighborhood socioeconomic status (SES) and preterm birth among U.S. Black women. A composite variable for neighborhood SES, derived from 7 U.S. Census Bureau indicators, was ... -
Neonatal Thyroid Function in Seveso 25 Years after Maternal Exposure to Dioxin
(Public Library of Science, 2008)Background: Neonatal hypothyroidism has been associated in animal models with maternal exposure to several environmental contaminants; however, evidence for such an association in humans is inconsistent. We evaluated whether ...