Browsing SPH Scholarly Articles by Title

Now showing items 4641-4660 of 6362

    • Population genomics of post-vaccine changes in pneumococcal epidemiology 

      Croucher, Nicholas J.; Finkelstein, Jonathan A.; Pelton, Stephen I.; Mitchell, Patrick K.; Lee, Grace M.; Parkhill, Julian; Bentley, Stephen D.; Hanage, William P.; Lipsitch, Marc (2013)
      Whole genome sequencing of 616 asymptomatically carried pneumococci was used to study the impact of the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. Comparison of closely related isolates revealed the role of transformation ...

    • Population Health Impact and Cost-Effectiveness of Tuberculosis Diagnosis with Xpert MTB/RIF: A Dynamic Simulation and Economic Evaluation 

      Menzies, Nicolas Alan; Cohen, Ted; Lin, Hsien-Ho; Murray, Megan Blanche; Salomon, Joshua A. (Public Library of Science, 2012)
      Background: The Xpert MTB/RIF test enables rapid detection of tuberculosis (TB) and rifampicin resistance. The World Health Organization recommends Xpert for initial diagnosis in individuals suspected of having multidrug-resistant ...

    • Population Health Metrics Research Consortium gold standard verbal autopsy validation study: design, implementation, and development of analysis datasets 

      Murray, Christopher J. L.; Lopez, Alan D.; Black, Robert; Ahuja, Ramesh; Ali, Said Mohd; Baqui, Abdullah; Dandona, Lalit; Dantzer, Emily; Das, Vinita; Dhingra, Usha; Dutta, Arup; Fawzi, Wafaie; Flaxman, Abraham D.; Gómez, Sara; Hernández, Bernardo; Joshi, Rohina; Kalter, Henry; Kumar, Aarti; Kumar, Vishwajeet; Lozano, Rafael; Lucero, Marilla; Mehta, Saurabh; Neal, Bruce; Ohno, Summer Lockett; Prasad, Rajendra; Praveen, Devarsetty; Premji, Zul; Ramírez-Villalobos, Dolores; Remolador, Hazel; Riley, Ian; Romero, Minerva; Said, Mwanaidi; Sanvictores, Diozele; Sazawal, Sunil; Tallo, Veronica (BMC, 2011)
      Background: Verbal autopsy methods are critically important for evaluating the leading causes of death in populations without adequate vital registration systems. With a myriad of analytical and data collection approaches, ...

    • Population Structure and Eigenanalysis 

      Patterson, Nick; Price, Alkes; Reich, David Emil (Public Library of Science, 2006)
      Current methods for inferring population structure from genetic data do not provide formal significance tests for population differentiation. We discuss an approach to studying population structure (principal components ...

    • Population Trends and Variation in Body Mass Index from 1971 to 2008 in the Framingham Heart Study Offspring Cohort 

      Block, Jason Perry; Subramanian, S.V. Venkata; Christakis, Nicholas Alexander; O'Malley, James James (Public Library of Science, 2013)
      Objective: We examined body mass index (BMI) across place and time to determine the pattern of BMI mean and standard deviation trajectories. Methods: We included participants in the Framingham Heart Study (FHS) Offspring ...

    • Population-scale Longitudinal Mapping of COVID-19 Symptoms, Behaviour, and Testing 

      Allen, William E.; Altae-Tran, Han; Briggs, James; Jin, Xin; McGee, Glen; Shi, Andy; Raghavan, Rumya; Kamariza, Mireille; Nova, Nicole; Pereta, Albert; Danford, Chris; Kamel, Amine; Gothe, Patrik; Milam, Evrhet; Aurambault, Jean; Primke, Thorben; Li, Weijie; Inkenbrandt, Josh; Huynh, Tuan; Chen, Evan; Lee, Christina; Croatto, Michael; Bentley, Helen; Lu, Wendy; Murray, Robert; Travassos, Mark; Coull, Brent; Openshaw, John; Greene, Casey S.; Shalem, Ophir; King, Gary; Probasco, Ryan; Cheng, David R.; Silbermann, Ben; Zhang, Feng; Lin, Xihong (Nature Human Behaviour, 2020-08-26)
      Despite the widespread implementation of public health measures, COVID-19 continues to spread in the United States. To facilitate an agile response to the pandemic, we developed How We Feel, a web and mobile application ...

    • Population-scale longitudinal mapping of COVID-19 symptoms, behaviour and testing 

      Allen, William; Altae-Tran, Han; Briggs, James; Jin, Xin; McGee, Glen; Shi, Andy; Raghavan, Rumya; Kamariza, Mireille; Nova, Nicole; Pereta, Albert; Danford, Chris; Kamel, Amine; Gothe, Patrik; Milam, Evrhet; Aurambault, Jean; Primke, Thorben; Li, Weijie; Inkenbrandt, Josh; Huynh, Tuan; Chen, Evan; Lee, Christina; Croatto, Michael; Bentley, Helen; Lu, Wendy; Murray, Robert; Travassos, Mark; Coull, Brent; Openshaw, John; Greene, Casey S.; Shalem, Ophir; King, Gary; Probasco, Ryan; Cheng, David R.; Silbermann, Ben; Zhang, Feng; Lin, Xihong (Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2020-08-26)
      Despite the widespread implementation of public health measures, COVID-19 continues to spread in the United States. To facilitate an agile response to the pandemic, we developed How We Feel, a web and mobile application ...

    • Population-wide Impact of Long-term Use of Aspirin and the Risk for Cancer 

      Cao, Yin; Nishihara, Reiko; Wu, Kana; Wang, Molin; Ogino, Shuji; Willett, Walter C.::94559ea206eef8a8844fc5b80654fa5b::600; Spiegelman, Donna; Fuchs, Charles S.; Giovannucci, Edward L.; Chan, Andrew T. (American Medical Association, 2016)
      IMPORTANCE The US Preventive Services Task Force recently recommended the use of aspirin to prevent colorectal cancer and cardiovascular disease among many US adults. However, the association of aspirin use with the risk ...

    • Populations and determinants of airborne fungi in large office buildings 

      Chao, H Jasmine; Schwartz, Joel David; Milton, Donald Kirby; Burge, Harriet A (National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 2002)
      Bioaerosol concentrations in office environments and their roles in causing building-related symptoms have drawn much attention in recent years. Most bioaerosol studies have been cross-sectional. We conducted a longitudinal ...

    • Portable XRF Technology to Quantify Pb in Bone In Vivo 

      Specht, Aaron James; Weisskopf, Marc; Nie, Linda Huiling (Hindawi Publishing Corporation, 2014)
      Lead is a ubiquitous toxicant. Bone lead has been established as an important biomarker for cumulative lead exposures and has been correlated with adverse health effects on many systems in the body. K-shell X-ray fluorescence ...

    • A portrait of ribosomal DNA contacts with Hi-C reveals 5S and 45S rDNA anchoring points in the folded human genome 

      Yu, Shoukai; Silva, Bernardo Lemos (Oxford University Press (OUP), 2016)
      Ribosomal rRNAs account for >60% of all RNAs in eukaryotic cells and are encoded in the ribosomal DNA (rDNA) arrays. The rRNAs are produced from two sets of loci: the 5S rDNA array resides exclusively on human chromosome ...

    • Portrait of the journal as a young adult 

      Grandjean, Philippe; Ozonoff, David (BioMed Central, 2012)
      Since its founding a decade ago, Environmental Health has received more than one thousand manuscripts. Last year marked the first time we published over 100 articles. The journal web site currently receives over 60,000 ...

    • Positive parenting improves multiple aspects of health and well-being in young adulthood 

      Chen, Ying; Haines, Jess; Charlton, Brittany; VanderWeele, Tyler (Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2019-05-06)
      Aspects of positive parenting have previously been linked to better offspring health and well-being1,2, though often, individual outcomes have been examined separately. Examining multiple outcomes simultaneously, over ...

    • Positive Psychological Interventions for Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: Rationale, Theoretical Model, and Intervention Development 

      Huffman, Jeff C.; DuBois, Christina M.; Millstein, Rachel A.; Celano, Christopher M.; Wexler, Deborah (Hindawi Publishing Corporation, 2015)
      Most patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) have suboptimal adherence to recommended diet, physical activity, and/or medication. Current approaches to improve health behaviors in T2D have been variably effective, and successful ...

    • Positive Selection for Unpreferred Codon Usage in Eukaryotic Genomes 

      Neafsey, Daniel Edward; Galagan, James E (BioMed Central, 2007)
      Background: Natural selection has traditionally been understood as a force responsible for pushing genes to states of higher translational efficiency, whereas lower translational efficiency has been explained by neutral ...

    • Post Diagnosis Diet Quality and Colorectal Cancer Survival in Women 

      Fung, Teresa T.; Kashambwa, Rutendo; Sato, Kaori; Chiuve, Stephanie E.; Fuchs, Charles S.; Wu, Kana; Giovannucci, Edward; Ogino, Shuji; Hu, Frank B.; Meyerhardt, Jeffrey A. (Public Library of Science, 2014)
      Background: Dietary factors are known to influence colorectal cancer (CRC) risk, however, their association with CRC survival is unclear. Therefore, we prospectively examined the association between diet quality scores, ...

    • Post-natal anaemia and iron deficiency in HIV-infected women and the health and survival of their children 

      Isanaka, Sheila; Spiegelman, Donna Lynn; Aboud, Said; Manji, Karim P.; Msamanga, Gernard I.; Willet, Walter C.; Duggan, Christopher Paul; Fawzi, Wafaie W. (Wiley-Blackwell, 2012)
      Prenatal iron supplementation may improve pregnancy outcomes and decrease the risk of child mortality. However, little is known about the importance of postnatal maternal iron status for child health and survival, particularly ...

    • Post-Translational Regulation via Clp Protease Is Critical for Survival of Mycobacterium tuberculosis 

      Raju, Ravikiran M.; Jedrychowski, Mark P.; Wei, Jun-Rong; Pinkham, Jessica T.; Park, Annie S.; O'Brien, Kathryn; Rehren, German; Schnappinger, Dirk; Gygi, Steven P.; Rubin, Eric J. (Public Library of Science, 2014)
      Unlike most bacterial species, Mycobacterium tuberculosis depends on the Clp proteolysis system for survival even in in vitro conditions. We hypothesized that Clp is required for the physiologic turnover of mycobacterial ...

    • Postdiagnostic Statin Use and the Risk of Lethal Prostate Cancer in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study 

      Chan, June; Kenfield, Stacey; Paciorek, Alan; Platz, Elizabeth; Giovannucci, Edward; Stampfer, Meir (American Association for Cancer Research, 2015)
      Background: Observational studies suggest potential chemopreventive benefits of statins on prostate cancer outcomes, but data on the impact of postdiagnostic use are sparse. Methods: We examined the association of ...

    • Postmarket Surveillance of Medical Devices: A Comparison of Strategies in the US, EU, Japan, and China 

      Kramer, Daniel B.; Tan, Yongtian T.; Sato, Chiaki; Kesselheim, Aaron S. (Public Library of Science, 2013)
      Daniel Kramer and colleagues compare strategies for postmarket surveillance of medical devices and discuss ways to improve these systems. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary