Browsing SPH Scholarly Articles by Title

Now showing items 4494-4513 of 6362

    • Phylogenomics of nonavian reptiles and the structure of the ancestral amniote genome 

      Shedlock, A. M.; Botka, C. W.; Zhao, S.; Shetty, J.; Zhang, T.; Liu, Jun; Deschavanne, P. J.; Edwards, Scott V. (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2007)
      We report results of a megabase-scale phylogenomic analysis of the Reptilia, the sister group of mammals. Large-scale end-sequence scanning of genomic clones of a turtle, alligator, and lizard reveals diverse, mammal-like ...

    • A phylogeny-based sampling strategy and power calculator informs genome-wide associations study design for microbial pathogens 

      Farhat, Maha R; Shapiro, B Jesse; Sheppard, Samuel K; Colijn, Caroline; Murray, Megan (BioMed Central, 2014)
      Whole genome sequencing is increasingly used to study phenotypic variation among infectious pathogens and to evaluate their relative transmissibility, virulence, and immunogenicity. To date, relatively little has been ...

    • Phylogeographic variation in recombination rates within a global clone of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus 

      Castillo-Ramírez, Santiago; Corander, Jukka; Marttinen, Pekka; Aldeljawi, Mona; Hanage, William P; Westh, Henrik; Boye, Kit; Gulay, Zeynep; Bentley, Stephen D; Parkhill, Julian; Holden, Matthew T; Feil, Edward J (BioMed Central, 2013)
      Background: Next-generation sequencing (NGS) is a powerful tool for understanding both patterns of descent over time and space (phylogeography) and the molecular processes underpinning genome divergence in pathogenic ...

    • PhyloPhlAn is a new method for improved phylogenetic and taxonomic placement of microbes 

      Segata, Nicola; Börnigen, Daniela; Morgan, Xochitl C.; Huttenhower, Curtis (2013)
      New microbial genomes are constantly being sequenced, and it is crucial to accurately determine their taxonomic identities and evolutionary relationships. Here we report PhyloPhlAn, a new method to assign microbial phylogeny ...

    • Physical activity after diagnosis and risk of prostate cancer progression: data from the Cancer of the Prostate Strategic Urologic Research Endeavor 

      Richman, Erin L.; Kenfield, Stacey A.; Stampfer, Meir; Paciorek, Alan; Carroll, Peter R.; Chan, June M. (American Association for Cancer Research, 2011)
      Vigorous activity after diagnosis was recently reported to be inversely associated with prostate cancer-specific mortality. However, men with metastatic disease may decrease their activity due to their disease; thus, a ...

    • Physical activity and all-cause mortality across levels of overall and abdominal adiposity in European men and women: the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition Study (EPIC)123456 

      Ekelund, Ulf; Ward, Heather A; Norat, Teresa; Luan, Jian’an; May, Anne M; Weiderpass, Elisabete; Sharp, Stephen J; Overvad, Kim; Østergaard, Jane Nautrup; Tjønneland, Anne; Johnsen, Nina Føns; Mesrine, Sylvie; Fournier, Agnès; Fagherazzi, Guy; Trichopoulou, Antonia; Lagiou, Pagona; Trichopoulos, Dimitrios; Li, Kuanrong; Kaaks, Rudolf; Ferrari, Pietro; Licaj, Idlir; Jenab, Mazda; Bergmann, Manuela; Boeing, Heiner; Palli, Domenico; Sieri, Sabina; Panico, Salvatore; Tumino, Rosario; Vineis, Paolo; Peeters, Petra H; Monnikhof, Evelyn; Bueno-de-Mesquita, H Bas; Quirós, J Ramón; Agudo, Antonio; Sánchez, María-José; Huerta, José María; Ardanaz, Eva; Arriola, Larraitz; Hedblad, Bo; Wirfält, Elisabet; Sund, Malin; Johansson, Mattias; Key, Timothy J; Travis, Ruth C; Khaw, Kay-Tee; Brage, Søren; Wareham, Nicholas J; Riboli, Elio (American Society for Nutrition, 2015)
      Background: The higher risk of death resulting from excess adiposity may be attenuated by physical activity (PA). However, the theoretical number of deaths reduced by eliminating physical inactivity compared with overall ...

    • Physical Activity and Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia 

      Platz, Elizabeth A.; Kawachi, Ichiro; Rimm, Eric Bruce::0ab2926c8242f35e5a982e3cf59f4987::600; Colditz, Graham A.; Stampfer, Meir; Willett, Walter C.::94559ea206eef8a8844fc5b80654fa5b::600; Giovannucci, Edward (American Medical Association, 1998)
      Background: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) leading to prostatic enlargement and lower urinary tract symptoms is highly prevalent among older men. Sympathetic nervous system activity, which is decreased by physical ...

    • Physical Activity and Breast Cancer Risk in a Cohort of Young Women 

      Rockhill, B.; Willett, Walter C.::94559ea206eef8a8844fc5b80654fa5b::600; Hunter, D. J.; Manson, J. E.; Hankinson, S. E.; Spiegelman, D.; Colditz, G. A. (Oxford University Press, 1998)
      Background: Increased physical activity has been hypothesized to be a means of breast cancer prevention, We examined the associations between physical activity at two different times in life and breast cancer risk. Methods: ...

    • Physical activity and breast cancer survival 

      Ogunleye, Adeyemi A; Holmes, Michelle D. (BioMed Central, 2009)
      Physical activity improves quality of life after a breast cancer diagnosis, and a beneficial effect on survival would be particularly welcome. Four observational studies have now reported decreased total mortality among ...

    • Physical activity and cognition in women with vascular conditions 

      Vercambre, Marie-Noël; Grodstein, Francine; Manson, JoAnn E.; Stampfer, Meir; Kang, Jae Hee (American Medical Association, 2011)
      Background: Individuals with vascular disease or risk factors have substantially higher rates of cognitive decline, yet little is known about means of maintaining cognition in this group.Methods: We examined the relation ...

    • Physical activity and prostate tumor vessel morphology: data from the Health Professionals Follow-up Study 

      Van Blarigan, Erin L.; Gerstenberger, John; Kenfield, Stacey; Giovannucci, Edward; Stampfer, Meir; Jones, Lee; Clinton, Steven; Chan, June; Mucci, Lorelei (American Association for Cancer Research, 2015)
      Vigorous activity is associated with lower risk of prostate cancer progression, but the biologic mechanisms are unknown. Exercise affects vascularization of tumors in animal models, and small, irregularly shaped vessels ...

    • Physical activity and risk of inflammatory bowel disease: prospective study from the Nurses’ Health Study cohorts 

      Khalili, Hamed; Ananthakrishnan, Ashwin N; Konijeti, Gauree G; Liao, Xiaomei; Higuchi, Leslie M; Fuchs, Charles S; Spiegelman, Donna; Richter, James M; Korzenik, Joshua R; Chan, Andrew T (BMJ Publishing Group Ltd., 2013)
      Objective: To examine the association between physical activity and risk of ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease. Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: Nurses’ Health Study and Nurses’ Health Study II. Participants: ...

    • Physical Activity and Survival after Diagnosis of Invasive Breast Cancer 

      Holick, C. N.; Newcomb, P. A.; Trentham-Dietz, A.; Titus-Ernstoff, L.; Bersch, A. J.; Stampfer, Meir; Baron, J. A.; Egan, K. M.; Willett, Walter C.::94559ea206eef8a8844fc5b80654fa5b::600 (American Association for Cancer Research, 2008)
      Previous studies suggest that increased physical activity may lower the risk of breast cancer incidence, but less is known about whether levels of physical activity after breast cancer diagnosis can influence survival. We ...

    • Physical Activity and Survival After Prostate Cancer Diagnosis in the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study 

      Kenfield, Stacey A.; Stampfer, Meir; Giovannucci, Edward; Chan, June M. (American Society of Clinical Oncology, 2011)
      Purpose: To determine whether higher physical activity after prostate cancer (PCa) diagnosis decreases risk of overall and PCa-specific death. Patients and Methods: We evaluated physical activity in relation to overall and ...

    • Physical Activity and Television Watching in Relation to Risk for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Men 

      Hu, Frank B.; Leitzmann, Michael F.; Stampfer, Meir; Colditz, Graham A.; Willett, Walter C.::94559ea206eef8a8844fc5b80654fa5b::600; Rimm, Eric Bruce::0ab2926c8242f35e5a982e3cf59f4987::600 (American Medical Association, 2001)
      Background: Television (TV) watching, a major sedentary behavior in the United States, has been associated with obesity. We hypothesized that prolonged TV watching may increase risk for type 2 diabetes. Methods: In 1986, ...

    • Physical Activity and Weight Gain Prevention in Older Men 

      Shiroma, Eric Jitsuo; Sesso, Howard David; Lee, I-Min (2011)
      Background: Physical activity and adiposity are important predictors of mortality, even in older individuals. However, it is unclear how much physical activity is needed to prevent weight gain in older persons. Purpose To ...

    • Physical Activity Attenuates the Influence of FTO Variants on Obesity Risk: A Meta-Analysis of 218,166 Adults and 19,268 Children 

      Kilpeläinen, Tuomas O.; Qi, Lu; Brage, Soren; Sharp, Stephen J.; Sonestedt, Emily; Demerath, Ellen; Ahmad, Tariq; Mora, Samia; Kaakinen, Marika; Sandholt, Camilla Helene; Holzapfel, Christina; Autenrieth, Christine S.; Hyppönen, Elina; Cauchi, Stéphane; He, Meian; Kutalik, Zoltan; Kumari, Meena; Stančáková, Alena; Meidtner, Karina; Balkau, Beverley; Tan, Jonathan T.; Mangino, Massimo; Timpson, Nicholas J.; Song, Yiqing; Zillikens, M. Carola; Jablonski, Kathleen A.; Garcia, Melissa E.; Johansson, Stefan; Bragg-Gresham, Jennifer L.; Wu, Ying; van Vliet-Ostaptchouk, Jana V.; Onland-Moret, N. Charlotte; Zimmermann, Esther; Rivera, Natalia V.; Tanaka, Toshiko; Stringham, Heather M.; Silbernagel, Günther; Kanoni, Stavroula; Feitosa, Mary F.; Snitker, Soren; Ruiz, Jonatan R.; Metter, Jeffery; Larrad, Maria Teresa Martinez; Atalay, Mustafa; Hakanen, Maarit; Amin, Najaf; Cavalcanti-Proença, Christine; Grøntved, Anders; Hallmans, Göran; Jansson, John-Olov; Kuusisto, Johanna; Kähönen, Mika; Lutsey, Pamela L.; Nolan, John J.; Palla, Luigi; Pedersen, Oluf; Pérusse, Louis; Renström, Frida; Scott, Robert A.; Shungin, Dmitry; Sovio, Ulla; Tammelin, Tuija H.; Rönnemaa, Tapani; Lakka, Timo A.; Uusitupa, Matti; Rios, Manuel Serrano; Ferrucci, Luigi; Bouchard, Claude; Meirhaeghe, Aline; Fu, Mao; Walker, Mark; Borecki, Ingrid B.; Dedoussis, George V.; Fritsche, Andreas; Ohlsson, Claes; Boehnke, Michael; Bandinelli, Stefania; van Duijn, Cornelia M.; Ebrahim, Shah; Lawlor, Debbie A.; Gudnason, Vilmundur; Harris, Tamara B.; Sørensen, Thorkild I. A.; Mohlke, Karen L.; Hofman, Albert; Uitterlinden, André G.; Tuomilehto, Jaakko; Lehtimäki, Terho; Raitakari, Olli; Isomaa, Bo; Njølstad, Pål R.; Florez, Jose C.; Liu, Simin; Ness, Andy; Spector, Timothy D.; Tai, E. Shyong; Froguel, Philippe; Boeing, Heiner; Laakso, Markku; Marmot, Michael (Public Library of Science, 2011)
      Background: The FTO gene harbors the strongest known susceptibility locus for obesity. While many individual studies have suggested that physical activity (PA) may attenuate the effect of FTO on obesity risk, other studies ...

    • Physical Activity Before and During Pregnancy and Risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Meta-Analysis 

      Tobias, Deirdre Kay; Zhang, Cuilin; van Dam, Rob M.; Bowers, Katherine; Hu, Frank B. (American Diabetes Association, 2011)
      OBJECTIVE: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the most common complications of pregnancy and is associated with a substantially elevated risk of adverse health outcomes for both mothers and offspring. Physical ...

    • Physical Activity from Early Adulthood and Risk of Prostate Cancer: A 24-Year Follow-Up Study among Icelandic Men 

      Hrafnkelsdottir, S. M.; Torfadottir, J. E.; Aspelund, T.; Magnusson, K. T.; Tryggvadottir, L.; Gudnason, V.; Mucci, L. A.; Stampfer, M.; Valdimarsdottir, U. A. (American Association for Cancer Research, 2015)
      Physical activity in adult life may reduce prostate cancer risk. Data are scarce on the role of activity during early adulthood, as well as combined recreational and occupational physical activity on prostate cancer risk ...

    • Physical activity, BMI and cancer prevention in urban adults 

      Akarolo-Anthony, Sally Nneoma Sarah; Adebamowo, Clement Adebayo (BioMed Central, 2012)