Browsing FAS Theses and Dissertations by Title
Now showing items 668-687 of 6566
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Causal Inference in Psychiatry Research
(2022-05-16)In Chapter 1, we show how to emulate a hypothetical randomized trial ("target trial") that would answer our questions about the comparative effectiveness of complex dynamic treatment strategies in major depression using ... -
Causal Inference Methods for Evaluation of Large-Scale Environmental Policy Effects under Complex Treatment Interference
(2024-05-09)The evaluation of large-scale environmental policy effects is often complicated by the intricate mechanisms through which environmental exposures affect populations. In causal inference, these treatment structures result ... -
Causal Inference Under Network Interference: A Framework for Experiments on Social Networks
(2017-01-26)No man is an island, as individuals interact and influence one another daily in our society. When social influence takes place in experiments on a population of interconnected individuals, the treatment on a unit may affect ... -
Causal Inference with Complex Exposures in Observational Studies
(2021-03-05)Many existing causal inference methods address the ideal situation of estimating deterministic causal effects of a single binary exposure assuming non-interference. In real-world observational studies, data harmonized from ... -
Causal Inference with Limited Resources
(2022-03-17)Constraints on treatment resources present problems in many practical settings. For example, during the current coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, several health care systems have experienced shortages of ventilators, ... -
Causal Mediation Analysis Reveals Syntactic Agreement Mechanisms in Neural Language Models
(2021-06-23)Targeted syntactic evaluations have demonstrated the ability of language models to perform subject-verb agreement given difficult contexts. Although this is well established, the mechanisms by which neural language models ... -
Causal Propositions on Air Pollution and Human Health
(2021-01-20)Fine particulate matter (PM2.5), ozone (O3), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) are considered leading threats to human health, largely based on historical associations calculated from traditional statistical analyses. These studies ... -
Causal Selection of Covariates in Regression Calibration for Mismeasured Continuous Exposure
(2023-03-14)Regression calibration has been used to correct for the bias in causal effect due to measurement error in continuous exposures, but no systematic discussion exists on how to determine covariates appropriate in measurement ... -
Causality in Epigenetics: Strategies for Targeted Epigenome Engineering of Transcriptional Regulation and Genome Topology
(2018-05-14)Changes in epigenetic states are at the heart of normal developmental processes and also underlie many human diseases. Studies to date have established strong associations between histone post-translational modifications, ... -
Causation in the Social World
(2022-05-11)Causation and causal claims abound in the social world as much as in the natural world. But a dominant theory of causation, prevalent among philosophers of causation and scientists who pursue causal inquiry, an interventionist ... -
Causes and consequences of coexistence in the Vachellia drepanolobium ant-plant mutualism
(2017-05-10)This thesis focuses on a mutualism between the East African acacia tree Vachellia drepanolobium and the species of canopy-dwelling ants that inhabit it. The tree provides the ants with nesting space in the canopy and ... -
Causes and Consequences of Cooperative Construction in the Mice Mus spicilegus and Peromyscus polionotus
(2013-03-14)The cooperative construction of shared dwellings is a phylogenetically-widespread evolutionary puzzle. Shared shelters are common goods – all individuals in the shelter benefit, at the expense of those individuals that ... -
Causes and Consequences of Lung Loss in Salamanders
(2016-02-26)Lungs were once thought to be a universal feature of tetrapods and essential for vertebrate life on land. This view changed in the late 19th century with the discovery of several salamander species that lack lungs. Since ... -
The Causes of the Divergent Development of Banking Regulation in the U.S., Canada, and Spain
(2016-05-02)Why did different countries create different systems of banking regulation in the years leading up to the recent global financial crisis, despite adhering to the same transnational regulatory agreement, the 1988 Basel ... -
Causes, evolution, and dynamics of ice ages in the last 3 million years
(2022-01-06)This thesis concerns the response of global climate to variations in Earth’s orbital configuration and atmospheric CO2 levels since major Northern Hemisphere ice sheets appeared three million years ago. A first chapter ... -
Cavity electro-optics in thin-film lithium niobate
(2022-05-16)Quantum networks of superconducting qubits linked by optical channels could leverage both the quantum information processing capabilities of superconducting circuits and the long communication distances provided by optical ... -
CBL and the Negative Regulation of Cytokine Receptor Signaling
(2020-11-23)Cytokines play an essential role in the growth, differentiation, and effector functions of hematopoietic cells. The control of cytokine-mediated signaling is critical to maintaining both cellular- and organismal-level ... -
CD4 Aptamer-SiRNA Chimeras (CD4-AsiCs) Knockdown Gene Expression in CD4+ Cells and Inhibit HIV Transmission
(2013-02-08)The continued spread of HIV underscores the need to interrupt transmission. One attractive strategy is a topical microbicide. Sexual transmission of herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) in mice can be inhibited by intravaginal ... -
CD4 T Cells Regulate Adenovirus Vector-Elicited Cellular and Humoral Immune Responses
(2016-01-08)The processes that regulate viral vector vaccine-elicited cellular and humoral immune responses remain poorly defined. Thus, in this thesis, the role of CD4+ T cells – master regulators of adaptive immunity – in modulating ... -
CD4+ T cell responses to the intracellular pathogen Chlamydia trachomatis
(2024-01-05)Chlamydia trachomatis (C. trachomatis) is the most common cause of bacterial sexually transmitted infection (STI) in both men and women. Immunity to C. trachomatis involves many cell types, but CD4+ T cells play a crucial ...