Browsing HMS Scholarly Articles by Keyword "virology"

Now showing items 1-20 of 58

    • Adaptive Mutations in the JC Virus Protein Capsid Are Associated with Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML) 

      Sunyaev, Shamil R.; Lugovskoy, Alexey; Simon, Kenneth; Gorelik, Leonid (Public Library of Science, 2009)
      PML is a progressive and mostly fatal demyelinating disease caused by JC virus infection and destruction of infected oligodendrocytes in multiple brain foci of susceptible individuals. While JC virus is highly prevalent ...

    • Amino-Acid Co-Variation in HIV-1 Gag Subtype C: HLA-Mediated Selection Pressure and Compensatory Dynamics 

      Rolland, Morgane; Manocheewa, Siriphan; Lanxon-Cookson, Erinn; Deng, Wenjie; Rousseau, Christine M.; Raugi, Dana N.; Learn, Gerald H.; Maust, Brandon S.; Coovadia, Hoosen; Ndung'u, Thumbi; Heckerman, David E.; Mullins, James I.; Carlson, Jonathan Courtland; Swain, Jabaris; Goulder, Philip J.; Walker, Bruce David; Brander, Christian (Public Library of Science, 2010)
      Background: Despite high potential for HIV-1 genetic variation, the emergence of some mutations is constrained by fitness costs, and may be associated with compensatory amino acid (AA) co-variation. To characterize the ...

    • An Anti-HIV-1 V3 Loop Antibody Fully Protects Cross-Clade and Elicits T-Cell Immunity in Macaques Mucosally Challenged with an R5 Clade C SHIV 

      Hemashettar, Girish; Wang, Wendy; Novembre, Francis J.; Villinger, Francois; Ibegbu, Chris; Patel, Kalpana; Corti, Davide; Agatic, Gloria; Vanzetta, Fabrizia; Bianchi, Siro; Heeney, Jonathan L.; Sallusto, Federica; Lanzavecchia, Antonio; Watkins, Jennifer D; Siddappa, Nagadenahalli B.; Lakhashe, Samir; Humbert, Michael; Sholukh, Anton M; Wong, Yin Ling; Yoon, John C.; Ruprecht, Ruth Margrit (Public Library of Science, 2011)
      Neutralizing antibodies have been shown to protect macaques against SHIV challenge. However, genetically diverse HIV-1 clades have evolved, and a key question left unanswered is whether neutralizing antibodies can confer ...

    • Anti-V3 Monoclonal Antibodies Display Broad Neutralizing Activities against Multiple HIV-1 Subtypes 

      Hioe, Catarina E.; Wrin, Terri; Seaman, Michael S.; Yu, Xuesong; Wood, Blake; Self, Steve; Williams, Constance; Gorny, Miroslaw K.; Zolla-Pazner, Susan (Public Library of Science, 2010)
      Background: The V3 loop of the HIV-1 envelope (Env) glycoprotein gp120 was identified as the “principal neutralizing domain” of HIV-1, but has been considered too variable to serve as a neutralizing antibody (Ab) target. ...

    • Antiviral Resistance and the Control of Pandemic Influenza 

      Lipsitch, Marc; Cohen, Ted; Murray, Megan Blanche; Levin, Bruce R (Public Library of Science, 2007)
      Background: The response to the next influenza pandemic will likely include extensive use of antiviral drugs (mainly oseltamivir), combined with other transmission-reducing measures. Animal and in vitro studies suggest ...

    • Broad and Gag-Biased HIV-1 Epitope Repertoires are Associated with Lower Viral Loads 

      Rolland, Morgane; Heckerman, David; Deng, Wenjie; Rousseau, Christine M.; Coovadia, Hoosen; Bishop, Karen; Goulder, Philip J.; Walker, Bruce David; Brander, Christian; Mullins, James I. (Public Library of Science, 2008)
      Background: HLA class-I alleles differ in their ability to control HIV replication through cell-mediated immune responses. No consistent associations have been found between the breadth of Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes (CTL) ...

    • Characteristics and Outcomes of Initial Virologic Suppressors during Analytic Treatment Interruption in a Therapeutic HIV-1 \(gag\) Vaccine Trial 

      Brumme, Chanson J.; Lederman, Michael M.; Brumme, Zabrina L.; Wang, Hongying; Carrington, Mary; Medvik, Kathleen; Schooley, Robert T.; Li, Jonathan Zheng; Spritzle, John; Walker, Bruce David; Kuritzkes, Daniel Robert (Public Library of Science, 2012)
      Background: In the placebo-controlled trial ACTG A5197, a trend favoring viral suppression was seen in the HIV-1-infected subjects who received a recombinant Ad5 HIV-1 \(gag\) vaccine. Objective: To identify individuals ...

    • Characteristics of the Earliest Cross-Neutralizing Antibody Response to HIV-1 

      Mikell, Iliyana; Sather, D. Noah; Kalams, Spyros A.; Altfeld, Marcus; Alter, Galit; Stamatatos, Leonidas (Public Library of Science, 2011)
      Recent cross-sectional analyses of HIV-1+ plasmas have indicated that broadly cross-reactive neutralizing antibody responses are developed by 10%–30% of HIV-1+ subjects. The timing of the initial development of such ...

    • Common Genetic Variation and the Control of HIV-1 in Humans 

      Fellay, Jacques; Ge, Dongliang; Shianna, Kevin V.; Colombo, Sara; Ledergerber, Bruno; Cirulli, Elizabeth T.; Urban, Thomas J.; Zhang, Kunlin; Gumbs, Curtis E.; Castagna, Antonella; Cozzi-Lepri, Alessandro; De Luca, Andrea; Easterbrook, Philippa; Günthard, Huldrych F.; Mallal, Simon; Mussini, Cristina; Dalmau, Judith; Martinez-Picado, Javier; Miro, José M.; Obel, Niels; Wolinsky, Steven M.; Martinson, Jeremy J.; Detels, Roger; Margolick, Joseph B.; Jacobson, Lisa P.; Descombes, Patrick; Antonarakis, Stylianos E.; Beckmann, Jacques S.; McMichael, Andrew J.; Haynes, Barton F.; Carrington, Mary; Telenti, Amalio; Goldstein, David B.; NIAID Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology (CHAVI); Smith, Jason P.; O'Brien, Stephen James; Letvin, Norman Lee; Feng, Sheng (Public Library of Science, 2009)
      To extend the understanding of host genetic determinants of HIV-1 control, we performed a genome-wide association study in a cohort of 2,554 infected Caucasian subjects. The study was powered to detect common genetic ...

    • Computational and Serologic Analysis of Novel and Known Viruses in Species Human Adenovirus D in Which Serology and Genomics Do Not Correlate 

      Liu, Elizabeth B.; Wadford, Debra A.; Seto, Jason; Vu, Maria; Hudson, Nolan Ryan; Thrasher, Lisa; Torres, Sarah; Dyer, David W.; Seto, Donald; Jones, Morris S.; Chodosh, James (Public Library of Science, 2012)
      In November of 2007 a human adenovirus (HAdV) was isolated from a bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) sample recovered from a biopsy of an AIDS patient who presented with fever, cough, tachycardia, and expiratory wheezes. To ...

    • Contributions of Mamu-A*01 Status and TRIM5 Allele Expression, But Not CCL3L Copy Number Variation, to the Control of SIVmac251 Replication in Indian-Origin Rhesus Monkeys 

      Chan, Tiffany; O'Brien, Kara L.; Goldstein, David B.; Haynes, Barton F.; Malik, Harmit S.; Lim, So-Yon; Gelman, Rebecca Sue; Whitney, James B.; Barouch, Dan Hung; Letvin, Norman Lee (Public Library of Science, 2010)
      CCL3 is a ligand for the HIV-1 co-receptor CCR5. There have recently been conflicting reports in the literature concerning whether CCL3-like gene (CCL3L) copy number variation (CNV) is associated with resistance to HIV-1 ...

    • COPI Activity Coupled with Fatty Acid Biosynthesis is Required for Viral Replication 

      Cherry, Sara; Kunte, Amit; Wang, Hui; Coyne, Carolyn; Rawson, Robert B; Perrimon, Norbert (Public Library of Science, 2006)
      During infection by diverse viral families, RNA replication occurs on the surface of virally induced cytoplasmic membranes of cellular origin. How this process is regulated, and which cellular factors are required, has ...

    • Cost-effectiveness of alternative blood-screening strategies for West Nile virus in the United States 

      Korves, Caroline T; Goldie, Sue J.; Murray, Megan Blanche (Public Library of Science, 2006)
      Background: West Nile virus (WNV) is endemic in the US, varying seasonally and by geographic region. WNV can be transmitted by blood transfusion, and mandatory screening of blood for WNV was recently introduced throughout ...

    • A Crucial Role for Kupffer Cell-Derived Galectin-9 in Regulation of T Cell Immunity in Hepatitis C Infection 

      Mengshol, John A.; Golden-Mason, Lucy; Arikawa, Tomohiro; Smith, Maxwell; Niki, Toshiro; McWilliams, Ryan; Randall, Jessica A.; McMahan, Rachel; Zimmerman, Michael A.; Dobrinskikh, Evgenia; Busson, Pierre; Polyak, Stephen J.; Hirashima, Mitsuomi; Rosen, Hugo R.; Rangachari, Manu V. (Public Library of Science, 2010)
      Approximately 200 million people throughout the world are infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV). One of the most striking features of HCV infection is its high propensity to establish persistence (∼70–80%) and progressive ...

    • CTL Responses of High Functional Avidity and Broad Variant Cross-Reactivity Are Associated with HIV Control 

      Mothe, Beatriz; Llano, Anuska; Ibarrondo, Javier; Zamarreño, Jennifer; Schiaulini, Mattia; Miranda, Cristina; Ruiz-Riol, Marta; Berger, Christoph T.; Herrero, M. José; Palou, Eduard; Plana, Montse; Rolland, Morgane; Heckerman, David; Weiner, David; Paredes, Roger; Clotet, Bonaventura; Felber, Barbara K.; Pavlakis, George N.; Mullins, James I.; Brander, Christian; Khatri, Ashok; Pereyra, Florencia M.; Walker, Bruce David (Public Library of Science, 2012)
      Cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses targeting specific HIV proteins, in particular Gag, have been associated with relative control of viral replication \(in\) \(vivo\). However, Gag-specific CTL can also be detected in ...

    • Cytomegalovirus Infection Causes an Increase of Arterial Blood Pressure 

      Cheng, Jilin; Ke, Qingen; Jin, Zhuang; Wang, Haibin; Kocher, Olivier Nicolas; Morgan, James P.; Zhang, Jielin; Crumpacker, Clyde S. (Public Library of Science, 2009)
      Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is a common infection in adults (seropositive 60–99% globally), and is associated with cardiovascular diseases, in line with risk factors such as hypertension and atherosclerosis. Several ...

    • Determinants of Glycan Receptor Specificity of H2N2 Influenza A Virus Hemagglutinin 

      Viswanathan, Karthik; Koh, Xiaoying; Chandrasekaran, Aarthi; Pappas, Claudia; Raman, Rahul; Srinivasan, Aravind; Shriver, Zachary; Tumpey, Terrence M.; Sasisekharan, Ram (Public Library of Science, 2010)
      The H2N2 subtype of influenza A virus was responsible for the Asian pandemic of 1957-58. However, unlike other subtypes that have caused pandemics such as H1N1 and H3N2, which continue to circulate among humans, H2N2 stopped ...

    • Distinct Patterns of IFITM-Mediated Restriction of Filoviruses, SARS Coronavirus, and Influenza A Virus 

      Radoshitzky, Sheli R.; Becker, Michelle M.; Chi, Xiaoli; Dong, Lian; Longobardi, Lindsay E.; Boltz, Dutch; Kuhn, Jens H.; Bavari, Sina; Denison, Mark R.; Baric, Ralph S.; Huang, I-Chueh; Bailey, Charles; Weyer, Jessica; Chiang, Jessica; Brass, Abraham L.; Ahmed, Asim Aminsharif; Elledge, Stephen J.; Choe, Hyeryun; Farzan, Michael Reynolds (Public Library of Science, 2011)
      Interferon-inducible transmembrane proteins 1, 2, and 3 (IFITM1, 2, and 3) are recently identified viral restriction factors that inhibit infection mediated by the influenza A virus (IAV) hemagglutinin (HA) protein. Here ...

    • Dynamics of Envelope Evolution in Clade C SHIV-Infected Pig-Tailed Macaques during Disease Progression Analyzed by Ultra-Deep Pyrosequencing 

      Tso, For Yue; Tully, Damien C; Gonzalez, Sandra; Quince, Christopher; Ho, On; Polacino, Patricia; Ruprecht, Ruth Margrit; Hu, Shiu-Lok; Wood, Charles (Public Library of Science, 2012)
      Understanding the evolution of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) envelope during disease progression can provide tremendous insights for vaccine development, and simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) ...

    • Episomal Viral cDNAs Identify a Reservoir That Fuels Viral Rebound after Treatment Interruption and That Contributes to Treatment Failure 

      Sharkey, Mark; Babic, Dunja Z.; Greenough, Thomas; Gulick, Roy; Stevenson, Mario; Cullen, Bryan R.; Kuritzkes, Daniel Robert (Public Library of Science, 2011)
      Viral reservoirs that persist in HIV-1 infected individuals on antiretroviral therapy (ART) are the major obstacle to viral eradication. The identification and definition of viral reservoirs in patients on ART is needed ...